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|
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips 5.512 Copyright 1986, 1993 Radical Eye Software
%%Title: uniacke.dvi
%%CreationDate: Thu May 18 00:16:31 1995
%%Pages: 238
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842
%%EndComments
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o uniacke.ps uniacke
%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1995.05.18:0011
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/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}B /c{-4 M}
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/w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{p 1 w}B /r{
p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p a}B /bos{/SS save
N}B /eos{SS restore}B end
%%EndProcSet
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D E end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi
TeXDict begin
%%PaperSize: A4
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
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eop
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(c)o(hess)262 583 y(programs)e(o)o(w)o(e)i(m)o(uc)o(h)e(to)i(Shannon's)g
(original)e(ideas.)21 b(Essen)o(tially)m(,)13 b(Shannon)i(put)g(for-)262
633 y(w)o(ard)e(three)i(di\013eren)o(t)g(t)o(yp)q(es)g(of)e(program:)312
709 y(1.)20 b(T)o(yp)q(e)d Fl(A)p Fp(:)f(A)h(program)d(that)j(do)q(es)g(a)f
(full)f(width)i(searc)o(h)g(to)g(a)f(giv)o(en)g(depth)h(and)365
759 y(uses)e(a)f(simple)e(terminal)h(ev)n(aluation)f(function.)312
839 y(2.)20 b(T)o(yp)q(e)e Fl(B)p Fp(:)f(A)h(program)e(that)h(do)q(es)i(a)e
(selectiv)o(e)i(searc)o(h)f(of)f(the)h(most)f(promising)365
889 y(lines.)312 968 y(3.)j(T)o(yp)q(e)13 b Fl(C)p Fp(:)g(A)g(program)e(that)
h(is)h(goal)e(orien)o(ted,)i(although)f(little)g(detail)g(ab)q(out)h(this)365
1018 y(approac)o(h)h(w)o(as)g(giv)o(en.)262 1095 y(Alan)j(T)m(uring)g(built)h
(further)h(on)f(some)f(of)h(these)h(ideas)g(and)f(in)f(1950)g(wrote)i(a)f
(pap)q(er)262 1144 y(ab)q(out)h(his)g(w)o(ork)h(on)f(computer)g(c)o(hess)i
(at)e(Manc)o(hester)j(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)d([60)o(].)35 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)262
1194 y(Shannon's)17 b(ideas)g(w)o(ere)i(not)e(actually)g(incorp)q(orated)h
(in)o(to)f(a)g(c)o(hess)i(pla)o(ying)d(program)262 1244 y(un)o(til)d(1956)h
(when)i(a)e(Shannon)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(A)g(program)e(w)o(as)i(dev)o(elop)q(ed)h
(at)e(the)i(Los)f(Alamos)262 1294 y(Scien)o(ti\014c)d(Lab)q(oratory)640
1279 y Fk(1)658 1294 y Fp(.)18 b(In)12 b(1957,)e(Bernstein)k(and)e(Rob)q
(erts)g(wrote)h(a)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(B)f(program)262 1344 y(for)j(the)h(IBM)g
(704)f([9)o(].)22 b(Most)16 b(notably)f(New)o(ell,)g(Simon)f(and)h(Sha)o(w)g
(wrote)i(a)e(Shannon)262 1393 y(t)o(yp)q(e)d(C)h(program)d(in)i(1958)f([42].)
17 b(This)12 b(w)o(as)g(the)h(\014rst)g(ev)o(er)g(practical)f(application)f
(of)h(the)262 1443 y(alpha-b)q(eta)f(algorithm.)k(A)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h
(programs)f(follo)o(w)o(ed,)g(but)h(all)f(pla)o(y)o(ed)h(v)o(ery)h(p)q(o)q
(or)262 1493 y(c)o(hess.)25 b(Despite)16 b(this,)g(man)o(y)e(researc)o(hers)
19 b(in)c(the)h(\014eld)g(of)f(arti\014cial)g(in)o(telligence)h(w)o(ere)262
1543 y(v)o(ery)e(con\014den)o(t)g(ab)q(out)g(the)h(p)q(oten)o(tial)e(of)g
(their)i(mac)o(hines.)365 1619 y("Within)d(10)g(y)o(ears)h(a)g(digital)e
(computer)i(will)e(b)q(e)i(the)h(w)o(orld's)e(c)o(hess)i(c)o(ham-)365
1669 y(pion,)f(unless)i(rules)f(bar)g(it)g(from)e(comp)q(etition")1088
1734 y Fm(Herb)n(ert)h(Simon,)j(1957.)324 1846 y Fp(It)h(w)o(as)h(not)f(un)o
(til)g(1966)f(that)i(real)g(progress)g(w)o(as)g(made)e(b)o(y)h(Ric)o(hard)g
(Green)o(blatt)262 1895 y(at)g(MIT)g([23)o(].)27 b(His)17 b(program)f(MacHac)
o(k-6,)h(w)o(as)h(the)f(\014rst)h(program)e(whic)o(h)h(could)g(b)q(e)262
1945 y(considered)g(to)g(pla)o(y)e("real)h(c)o(hess".)27 b(It)17
b(pla)o(y)o(ed)e(in)h(v)n(arious)g(h)o(uman)f(tournamen)o(ts)h(and)262
1995 y(established)e(p)q(erformance)f(ratings)h(in)f(the)h(1250)f(to)g(1640)g
(USCF)g(range.)19 b(This)13 b(is)h(quite)262 2045 y(an)f(ac)o(hiev)o(emen)o
(t,)g(particularly)g(when)h(one)h(considers)g(it)e(w)o(as)h(in)f(1966.)324
2130 y(In)i(1968,)f(v)n(arious)h(AI)g(researc)o(hers,)j(encouraged)f(b)o(y)e
(Green)o(blatt's)g(progress)i(made)262 2180 y(a)f(2500)f(dollar)g(b)q(et)i
(with)f(Da)o(vid)f(Levy)m(,)h(an)g(In)o(ternational)g(Master,)h(that)g(a)f
(computer)262 2230 y(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)j(able)e(to)g(b)q(eat)i(him)c(in)i(a)h
(matc)o(h)e(within)h(10)g(y)o(ears.)30 b(Encouraged)18 b(b)o(y)g(suc)o(h)262
2280 y(activities)13 b(v)n(arious)g(scien)o(tists)h(from)e(the)i
(arti\014cial)f(in)o(telligence)g(\014eld)g(got)h(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)e(and)262
2329 y(in)i(1970)g(the)h(\014rst)h(United)f(States)g(Computer)g(Chess)h
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b(has)g(con)o(tin)o(ued)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(held)g(ann)o(ually)f(to)g(the)i
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2449 y Fi(only)10 b(dev)o(elop)q(ed)f(for)i(a)g(6x6)g(b)q(oard)f(with)i(no)f
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9 10 bop 324 307 a Fp(In)14 b(1974,)f(the)i(\014rst)h(W)m(orld)d(Computer)h
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357 y(holm.)25 b(This)17 b(ev)o(en)o(t)h(w)o(as)f(w)o(on)g(b)o(y)g(a)g
(Russian)g(program)e(called)i(Kaissa,)h(essen)o(tially)f(a)262
407 y(Shannon)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(A)g(program)e(with)i(n)o(umerous)f(enhancemen)o
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(1500)e(to)h(1700)f(ELO)h(range;)g(impressiv)o(e)g(for)f(a)h(program,)e(but)i
(v)o(ery)262 506 y(lo)o(w)d(in)g(w)o(orld)h(c)o(hess)h(terms.)k(This)12
b(compares)g(with)g(a)g(t)o(ypical)f(2500)g(ELO)h(Grandmaster)262
556 y(rating,)g(ev)o(en)j(Da)o(vid)e(Levy)h(w)o(as)f(rated)i(at)f(ab)q(out)f
(2350)g(ELO.)324 641 y(In)i(1977,)f(real)h(progress)h(w)o(as)f(made)f(when)i
(Chess)g(4)p Fh(:)p Fp(5)e([4],)g(an)h(American)f(program)262
691 y(written)d(at)g(the)h(North)o(w)o(estern)h(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)m(,)d(comp)q
(eted)i(in)e(the)i(Minnesota)f(Op)q(en)h(Chess)262 741 y(Championship)h(and)i
(w)o(on)g(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t)h(with)f(a)g(5-1)g(score.)23 b(This)16
b(success)h(w)o(as)f(v)o(ery)f(sig-)262 791 y(ni\014can)o(t)h(b)q(ecause)i
(sev)o(eral)f(Exp)q(erts)h(and)e(Class)h("A")f(pla)o(y)o(ers)g(comp)q(eted.)
26 b(It)16 b(w)o(as)h(not)262 841 y(ac)o(hiev)o(ed)12 b(as)g(one)h(migh)o(t)d
(exp)q(ect)k(b)o(y)e(a)f(breakthrough)i(in)f(c)o(hess)i(algorithms,)9
b(but)k(rather)262 891 y(through)h(the)i(use)g(of)e(one)h(of)f(the)i(latest)f
("sup)q(er-computers")g(-)g(a)g(CD)f(Cyb)q(er)i(170.)k(In-)262
940 y(evitably)m(,)8 b(Chess)j(4)p Fh(:)p Fp(6)e(later)h(w)o(on)f(the)h
(triennial)f(W)m(orld)g(Computer)g(Chess)i(Championship)262
990 y(with)i(a)h(p)q(erfect)h(4-0)e(score.)324 1075 y(In)j(Septem)o(b)q(er)i
(1978,)d(Chess)j(4)p Fh(:)p Fp(7)e(c)o(hallenged)g(Da)o(vid)g(Levy)h(for)f
(the)h(b)q(et)h(made)d(10)262 1125 y(y)o(ears)f(earlier,)g(the)g(program)e
(did)i(w)o(ell,)f(but)h(lost)f(b)o(y)h(a)g(score)h(of)e(3)1336
1109 y Fk(1)p 1336 1116 17 2 v 1336 1140 a(2)1357 1125 y Fp(-1)1397
1109 y Fk(1)p 1397 1116 V 1397 1140 a(2)1418 1125 y Fp(.)324
1210 y(Programs)h(based)i(on)g(a)f(Shannon)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(A)g(approac)o(h)f
(with)g(little)g(kno)o(wledge,)g(but)262 1260 y(v)o(ery)20
b(fast)g(searc)o(hing)h(had)e(b)q(een)j(dominating)17 b("in)o(telligen)o(t")h
(selectiv)o(e)k(searc)o(hers)g(for)262 1310 y(some)14 b(5)g(y)o(ears.)22
b(In)15 b(1978,)f(using)h(this)g(principle)g(of)f(fast)h(sp)q(eed)h(with)f
(little)f(kno)o(wledge,)262 1360 y(sp)q(ecial)f(c)o(hess)h(hardw)o(are)f(w)o
(as)g(designed)g(and)g(built)f(b)o(y)h(Ken)g(Thompson)f(and)h(Jo)q(e)g(Con-)
262 1410 y(don)i([14)o(].)24 b(The)16 b(program,)f(Belle,)h(from)e(Bell)i
(Lab)q(oratories,)g(running)g(on)f(this)h(sp)q(ecial)262 1460
y(hardw)o(are)e(ended)h(up)f(winning)e(the)j(1980)e(W)m(orld)f(Computer)i
(Chess)h(Championship.)324 1545 y(By)f(1983,)f(the)i(strength)g(of)f(deep)h
(brute)g(force)f(searc)o(hers)j(w)o(as)d(further)h(emphasised)262
1595 y(when)20 b(the)g(program)e(Cra)o(y)h(Blitz)g([31)o(],)h(running)g(on)f
(a)g(2)g(pro)q(cessor)j(Cra)o(y)d(XMP/48)262 1644 y(computer,)d(w)o(on)g(the)
h(4th)f(W)m(orld)f(Computer)h(Chess)h(Championship.)23 b(The)17
b(follo)o(wing)262 1694 y(y)o(ear)h(an)g(exhibition)g(matc)o(h)f(w)o(as)h
(arranged)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(Cra)o(y)e(Blitz)g(and)g(Da)o(vid)f(Levy)m(.)
262 1744 y(In)j(the)g(matc)o(h,)g(Da)o(vid)f(Levy)h(crushed)i(the)f(mac)o
(hine)e(4-0.)36 b(This)20 b(clearly)g(indicated)262 1794 y(that)15
b(although)g(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(w)o(as)h(of)g(master)g(strength)i(in)e(the)h
(realms)e(of)h(tactics,)i(its)262 1844 y(p)q(ositional)e(and)i(strategic)h
(pla)o(y)e(w)o(as)h(w)o(eak.)27 b(Cra)o(y)17 b(Blitz)g(retained)h(its)f(w)o
(orld)f(title)h(in)262 1893 y(1986.)324 1979 y(Curren)o(tly)11
b(there)g(are)g(2)f(programs)f(of)h(in)o(ternational)f(master)h(strength)1456
1964 y Fk(1)1476 1979 y Fp(,)h(Hitec)o(h)g(and)262 2029 y(Deep)16
b(Though)o(t.)24 b(Both)17 b(Hitec)o(h)g(and)e(Deep)i(Though)o(t)f(run)g(on)g
(sp)q(ecial)g(purp)q(ose)i(hard-)262 2078 y(w)o(are)13 b(and)h(essen)o
(tially)g(p)q(erform)e(sophisticated)j(brute)f(force)h(searc)o(hes.)20
b(Deep)14 b(Though)o(t)262 2128 y(is)g(clearly)h(the)g(strongest)h(of)e
(these)i(programs)d(with)i(an)f(o\016cial)g(rating)g(of)g(2551)f(USCF)262
2178 y(whic)o(h)j(equates)i(to)e(appro)o(ximately)e(2450)i(ELO.)h(During)f
(Ma)o(y)g(1989,)g(Deep)h(Though)o(t)262 2228 y(demonstrated)d(this)g
(strength)i(b)o(y)e(winning)g(the)h(6th)f(W)m(orld)f(Computer)h(Chess)h
(Cham-)262 2278 y(pionship.)p 262 2312 573 2 v 308 2339 a Fj(1)325
2351 y Fi(around)10 b(2400)g(ELO,)i(not)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(confused)e(with)j(a)f
(US)h(master)e(rating)g(of)h(2200)f(USCF)967 2574 y Fp(9)p
eop
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10 11 bop 324 307 a Fp(In)13 b(Octob)q(er)i(1989,)d(Deep)h(Though)o(t)g(c)o
(hallenged)g(Gary)g(Kasparo)o(v,)g(the)h(w)o(orld)e(c)o(hess)262
357 y(c)o(hampion,)7 b(to)j(a)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(game)f(exhibition)g(matc)o(h.)15
b(Kasparo)o(v)10 b(outpla)o(y)o(ed)f(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(not)262
407 y(only)i(p)q(ositionally)m(,)f(but)j(more)f(surprisingly)g(tactically)m
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(1989,)f(Deep)h(Though)o(t)g(pla)o(y)o(ed)f(Da)o(vid)g(Levy)h(in)g(a)f(four)h
(game)e(matc)o(h.)17 b(Deep)262 506 y(Though)o(t)c(illustrated)h(its)g
(impressiv)o(e)f(abilit)o(y)f(b)o(y)i(winning)e(the)j(matc)o(h)e(4-0.)262
679 y Fr(1.2)69 b(My)24 b(Bac)n(kground)262 805 y Fp(I)13 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q
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(considerable)i(time.)i(I)d(am)262 855 y(a)f(mem)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(the)i(In)o
(ternational)f(Computer)f(Chess)i(Asso)q(ciation)f(and)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g
(written)h(a)262 905 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(programs)g(using)g(b)q(oth)h
(selectiv)o(e)h(and)f(brute)h(force)f(searc)o(hing.)324 990
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(CS)g(4.1)g(in)g(the)h(c)o(hess)i(tour-)262 1040 y(namen)o(t)f(of)h(the)i
(\014rst)f(ev)o(er)h Fm(Computer)f(Olympiad)p Fp(.)24 b(HIAR)o(CS)16
b(came)f(a)g(clear)h(6th)g(with)262 1090 y(3)e(out)g(of)g(8)h(p)q(oin)o(ts.)
20 b(It)15 b(w)o(as)f(running)g(on)h(a)f(7Mhz)h(68000)e(pro)q(cessor,)k(slo)o
(w)o(er)d(hardw)o(are)262 1140 y(than)f(all)g(of)g(the)h(opp)q(osition,)f
(for)g(example)f(a)i Fm(Fidelity)g(Ele)n(ctr)n(onics)f Fp(en)o(try)h(from)e
(Miami)262 1190 y(ran)h(on)h(a)g(68030)e(at)i(44Mhz)g(with)f(25ns)h(1)g(Mb)g
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1489 y Fp(It)c(is)g(clear)h(to)f(me)f(that)h(curren)o(t)i(programs)d
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1538 y(p)q(ositional)d(and)h(strategic)i(area)e(of)g(c)o(hess.)28
b(Belo)o(w)17 b(2000)e(ELO,)i(tactics)g(pla)o(y)f(a)g(ma)r(jor)262
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1688 y(c)o(hampionship)f(strength)j(tactically)e(than)g(they)i(are)f(p)q
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(explain)f(v)n(arious)262 1823 y(tec)o(hniques)i(used)h(in)e(curren)o(t)i
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(hess)262 1923 y(pla)o(y)o(er)f(\(appro)o(ximately)e(ELO)i(2000\).)k(I)d
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b(This)19 b(is)h(particularly)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)g(for)262 2022
y(programs)9 b(running)h(on)h(standard)g(micropro)q(cessors)h(whic)o(h)e(ob)o
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(to)e(implemen)o(t)262 2122 y(certain)i(asp)q(ects)h(of)e(m)o(y)f(\014ndings)
h(in)g(a)h(c)o(hess)h(program)d(and)h(ev)n(aluate)g(them)g(against)262
2172 y(b)q(oth)f(h)o(uman)e(and)i(computer)f(opp)q(osition.)24
b(I)16 b(also)f(in)o(tend)h(to)g(use)h(the)g(Bratk)o(o-Kop)q(ec)262
2221 y(exp)q(erimen)o(t)10 b([12)o(])f(to)i(test)g(the)g(relativ)o(e)f
(tactical)g(and)g(p)q(ositional)f(abilit)o(y)f(of)i(the)h(program.)324
2307 y(The)h(reader)g(is)f(assumed)g(to)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(reasonable)g(kno)o
(wledge)g(of)g(c)o(hess)i(and)e(algebraic)262 2357 y(c)o(hess)16
b(notation)e(in)h(order)h(that)f(c)o(hess)h(concepts)h(can)e(b)q(e)h
(explained)f(to)f(a)h(high)g(enough)262 2406 y(lev)o(el.)957
2574 y(10)p eop
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11 12 bop 262 619 a Fn(Chapter)34 b(2)262 826 y Fo(Basic)40
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Fp(1)f(\(negamaxed\).)262 1841 y(Therefore,)h(no)q(de)f(G)f(is)g(said)g(to)h
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b(The)262 1891 y(negamax)12 b(approac)o(h)i(has)g(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)f
(making)d(all)i(cut)i(o\013s,)e Fh(\014)k Fp(cut)e(o\013s.)j(The)d(pseudo)262
1940 y(co)q(de)f(for)g(the)g Fh(\013\014)i Fp(algorithm)c(can)i(b)q(e)g
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b(The)16 b Fh(\013\014)i Fp(algorithm)262 2125 y(under)13 b(optimal)e
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(the)g(follo)o(wing)262 2175 y(terminal)f(no)q(des)i(need)h(to)f(b)q(e)g
(examined)f([13)o(]:)324 2248 y Ff(\017)20 b Fh(W)410 2233
y Fk(\()p Fe(d)p Fk(+1\))p Fe(=)p Fk(2)540 2248 y Fp(+)10 b
Fh(W)627 2233 y Fk(\()p Fe(d)p Fd(\000)p Fk(1\))p Fe(=)p Fk(2)757
2248 y Ff(\000)g Fp(1)k(at)f(o)q(dd)h(depths.)324 2326 y Ff(\017)20
b Fp(2)9 b Ff(\001)g Fh(W)461 2311 y Fe(d=)p Fk(2)523 2326
y Ff(\000)h Fp(1)j(at)h(ev)o(en)h(depths.)262 2399 y(This)g(is)h(kno)o(wn)f
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b(ac)o(hiev)o(e)g(this)g(result,)g(most)f(mo)o(v)o(es)262 2449
y(m)o(ust)10 b(b)q(e)h(searc)o(hed)i(in)e(a)g(descending)h(order)g(of)f
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2574 y(23)p eop
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24 25 bop 262 503 a Fl(F)l(unction)11 b Fp(AlphaBeta\(P)j(:)g
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y Fp(m)82 b(:)18 b Fl(mo)o(v)o(e)321 702 y Fp(score,)321 752
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1350 y(score)i(:=)e Ff(\000)p Fp(AlphaBeta\()p Fh(P)810 1356
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1499 y Fl(if)e Fp(\(b)q(est)k Ff(\025)11 b Fh(\014)r Fp(\))498
1549 y Fl(return)g Fp(\(b)q(est\))315 b(/*)13 b Fh(\014)18
b Fm(cut)d(o\013)g(:)k(r)n(eturn)14 b(b)n(est)h(sc)n(or)n(e)e
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1798 y(return)e Fp(\(b)q(est\))492 b(/*)13 b Fm(R)n(eturn)i(sc)n(or)n(e)g(of)
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2047 y(The)i Fl(max)p Fp(\()p Fh(\013)p Fp(,)f(b)q(est\))i(op)q(eration)f
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(the)262 2097 y(searc)o(h)i(at)e(eac)o(h)i(lev)o(el)e(to)h(return)h(the)g(b)q
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Fh(\013)p Fp(.)552 2280 y(Figure)g(3.2:)j(Pseudo)d(co)q(de)h(for)f(the)g
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25 26 bop 262 307 a Fp(mo)o(v)o(e)12 b(is)j(not)f(kno)o(wn)g(b)q(efore)i(it)e
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Ff(\0001)g Fp(and)g(+)p Ff(1)262 818 y Fp(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)22
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1176 y(and)d(w)o(as)g(therefore)h(found)f(b)o(y)f(the)i(searc)o(h.)312
1254 y(2.)20 b Fl(A)c(fail)f(lo)o(w)p Fp(:)i(The)d(true)h(v)n(alue)e(of)g
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1332 y(3.)20 b Fl(A)d(fail)d(high)p Fp(:)j(The)e(true)g(v)n(alue)e(of)h(the)h
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1382 y Fp(b)q(ound.)262 1455 y(In)i(case)i(1,)f(the)g(searc)o(h)h(has)f(b)q
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1704 y(v)n(alue)g(will)h(lie)g(in)g(the)h(range)g(\()p Fh(\014)r
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Fh(\013\014)262 1889 y Fp(algorithm)c(if)i(the)h(initial)e(windo)o(w)h(is)g
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1988 y(searc)o(h)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(necessary)m(.)25 b(In)15
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h(score)262 2088 y(at)j(the)i(\014rst)f(attempt,)f(making)f(this)i(tec)o
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2138 y Fp(algorithm.)262 2287 y Fu(3.1.3)55 b(Principle)17
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2449 y(n)o(umerous)13 b(subtrees)k(on)d(the)h(assumption)e(that)i(something)e
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eop
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26 27 bop 262 307 a Fp(this)13 b(reduced)j(windo)o(w)d(idea)h(to)g(its)f
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y(26)p eop
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Fh(P)801 1693 y Fe(m)833 1687 y Fh(;)7 b Ff(\000)p Fh(\014)r(;)g
Ff(\000)p Fp(score,)15 b(depth)p Ff(\000)p Fp(1\))439 1737
y Fl(else)498 1787 y Fp(b)q(est)g(:=)e(score)439 1836 y Fl(endif)439
1886 y(if)f Fp(\(b)q(est)k Ff(\025)11 b Fh(\014)r Fp(\))498
1936 y Fl(return)g Fp(\(b)q(est\))315 b(/*)13 b Fh(\014)k Fm(cut)e(o\013)g(:)
k(r)n(eturn)14 b(b)n(est)h(sc)n(or)n(e)e Fp(*/)439 1986 y Fl(endif)380
2036 y(endif)321 2086 y(endfor)321 2185 y(return)e Fp(\(b)q(est\))492
b(/*)13 b Fm(R)n(eturn)i(sc)n(or)n(e)g(of)f(b)n(est)h(move)g(found)g
Fp(*/)262 2285 y Fl(end)d Fp(PVS)537 2467 y(Figure)i(3.3:)j(Pseudo)d(co)q(de)
h(for)f(the)g(PVS)g(Algorithm.)957 2574 y(27)p eop
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28 29 bop 262 307 a Fu(3.1.4)55 b(Iterativ)n(e)17 b(Deep)r(ening)262
419 y Fp(Iterativ)o(e)11 b(deep)q(ening)h([4)o(])f(is)g(a)g(metho)q(d)f(of)h
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469 y(ing)h Fh(\013\014)j Fp(cut)e(o\013s.)19 b(It)14 b(also)f(enables)h(the)
h(exp)q(ected)h(principle)e(v)n(ariation)e(to)i(b)q(e)g(primed.)324
554 y(Iterativ)o(e)e(deep)q(ening)h(is)f(ac)o(hiev)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(p)q
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604 y(siv)o(ely)e(greater)h(depths)h(e.g.)17 b(1)10 b(ply)m(,)g(2)g(ply)m(,)g
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o(e)262 654 y(list)j(can)h(b)q(e)h(re-ordered)g(to)f(increase)h(the)g
(e\016ciency)f(of)g(the)g(subsequen)o(t)i(iterations.)324 739
y(It)h(migh)o(t)e(b)q(e)j(though)o(t)f(that)h(doing)e(an)h(iterativ)o(e)g
(searc)o(h)i(to)e(4)g(ply)g(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i(less)262 789
y(e\016cien)o(t)c(than)g(a)g(direct)h(4)e(ply)h(searc)o(h,)h(whic)o(h)f
(after)g(all)f(will)f(b)q(e)j(done)f(an)o(yw)o(a)o(y)f(as)h(part)262
839 y(of)d(an)h(iterativ)o(e)g(searc)o(h.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12
b(there)i(exists)f(n)o(umerous)e(tec)o(hniques)j(for)d(impro)o(ving)262
889 y(the)16 b(sp)q(eed)i(of)e(eac)o(h)h(subsequen)o(t)h(iteration)e(b)o(y)g
(making)e(b)q(est)k(use)f(of)f(the)h(information)262 938 y(gained)d(so)h
(far.)20 b(These)c(tec)o(hniques)h(include)e(refutation)f(tables,)h(transp)q
(osition)g(tables,)262 988 y(the)e(history)h(heuristic)g(etc.)19
b(These)14 b(tec)o(hniques)h(will)d(b)q(e)i(explained)f(in)g(detail)g(later.)
k(An)262 1038 y(iterativ)o(e)h(PVS)g(com)o(bined)f(with)h(some)g(of)f(the)i
(tec)o(hniques)h(men)o(tioned)d(can)h(pro)q(duce)262 1088 y(trees)d(v)o(ery)f
(close)h(to)e(the)i(minim)o(al)10 b(tree)15 b([40)o(].)324
1173 y(An)j(iterativ)o(e)f(deep)q(ening)i Fh(\013\014)h Fp(searc)o(h)e(also)f
(has)h(another)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(b)q(ene\014t;)k(the)262
1223 y(b)q(est)f(mo)o(v)o(e)e(found)h(so)g(far)h(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(kno)o
(wn.)32 b(As)18 b(all)g(mo)o(v)o(es)f(are)i(searc)o(hed)h(at)e(eac)o(h)262
1273 y(iteration,)d(this)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(is)i(lik)o(ely)e(to)i(b)q(e)g
(reasonable.)24 b(Therefore,)16 b(if)f(the)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)c(time)262
1323 y(expires,)h(the)g(b)q(est)h(mo)o(v)o(e)d(found)i(so)g(far)f(could)h(b)q
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1372 y(iterativ)o(e)h(searc)o(h,)i(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(if)f(the)h(time)f
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1422 y(dep)q(end)f(on)f(what)h(mo)o(v)o(es)e(had)h(b)q(een)h(searc)o(hed)h
(so)f(far.)k(If)14 b(only)g(p)q(o)q(or)g(mo)o(v)o(es)f(had)h(b)q(een)262
1472 y(searc)o(hed,)j(only)e(a)h(p)q(o)q(or)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(could)h(b)q(e)i(c)
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1522 y(comp)q(etitiv)o(e)12 b(c)o(hess)k(programs)c(b)q(ecause)k(they)e(m)o
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y Fu(3.1.5)55 b(Mo)n(v)n(e)19 b(Ordering)262 1785 y Fp(As)g(stressed)i
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(critical)h(to)f(the)262 1835 y(e\016ciency)e(of)f Fh(\013\014)r
Fp(.)23 b(The)16 b(mo)o(v)o(es)e(from)g(eac)o(h)i(no)q(de)g(can)g(b)q(e)g
(ordered)h(using)e(a)g(v)n(ariet)o(y)g(of)262 1885 y(heuristics:)324
1968 y Ff(\017)20 b Fp(An)f(iterativ)o(e)f(searc)o(h)h(is)f(a)g(go)q(o)q(d)g
(basis)g(for)g(impro)o(ving)d(mo)o(v)o(e)i(ordering)h(as)g(the)365
2018 y(mo)o(v)o(es)12 b(at)g(the)h(ro)q(ot)g(of)f(the)h(tree)h(are)f
(directly)g(ordered)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(searc)o(h)i(to)e(a)h(depth)g(1)365
2067 y(ply)f(less)h(than)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(searc)o(h)g(depth.)k(As)13
b(the)g(subtree)h(b)q(elo)o(w)e(mo)o(v)o(es)f(at)h(the)365
2117 y(\014rst)17 b(ply)d(is)i(usually)e(larger)i(than)f(subtrees)j(at)d
(greater)h(depths,)h(mo)o(v)o(e)d(ordering)365 2167 y(at)g(ply)f(1)h(is)g
(lik)o(ely)e(to)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(greatest)h(e\013ect)h(on)e(o)o(v)o
(erall)e(tree)j(size.)324 2250 y Ff(\017)20 b Fp(Storing)11
b(mo)o(v)o(es)f(in)g(a)h(transp)q(osition)g(table)g(represen)o(ts)j(p)q
(erhaps)e(the)g(b)q(est)g(metho)q(d)365 2300 y(of)k(ordering)h(mo)o(v)o(es)e
(in)h(an)g(iterativ)o(e)h Fh(\013\014)i Fp(searc)o(h)e([18)o(].)26
b(This)16 b(is)h(b)q(ecause)h(mo)o(v)o(es)365 2350 y(found)c(to)g(b)q(e)h(b)q
(est)h(at)e(iteration)g(n)g(are)h(v)o(ery)f(lik)o(ely)f(to)i(remain)d(b)q
(est)k(at)e(iteration)365 2399 y(n+1.)28 b(Therefore)18 b(mo)o(v)o(es)e
(stored)i(in)e(the)i(transp)q(osition)f(table)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(tried)365
2449 y(\014rst)e(if)e(the)i(no)q(de)f(is)g(re-visited.)957
2574 y(28)p eop
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29 30 bop 324 307 a Ff(\017)20 b Fp(Capture)d(mo)o(v)o(es)d(are)i(w)o(orth)f
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357 y(cause)h(they)f(are)h(more)d(lik)o(ely)h(to)h(refute)g(the)h(curren)o(t)
g(line)e(of)h(pla)o(y)f(and)g(therefore)365 407 y(cause)i(a)e(cut)h(o\013.)k
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g([4].)324 539 y Ff(\017)20 b Fp(A)12 b(mo)o(v)o(e)e(that)i(causes)h(a)e(cut)
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b(This)16 b(tec)o(hnique)h(is)f(kno)o(wn)g(as)g(the)365 638
y Fm(Kil)r(ler)d Fp(heuristic)h([4].)324 721 y Ff(\017)20 b
Fp(The)14 b Fm(History)f Fp(heuristic)h(pro)o(vides)f(a)g(metho)q(d)g(of)g
("recording)g(eac)o(h)h(mo)o(v)o(es)e(abilit)o(y)365 770 y(to)17
b(cause)g(a)f(refutation")h([50)o(].)25 b(This)16 b(information)e(can)j(then)
g(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)g(order)365 820 y(mo)o(v)o(es)c(according)h(to)g(the)g
(lik)o(eliho)q(o)q(d)e(of)h(them)h(causing)f(a)h(refutation.)324
902 y Ff(\017)20 b Fp(Metho)q(ds)c(whic)o(h)f(use)g(the)h(ev)n(aluation)d
(function)i(to)f(score)i(and)f(order)h(mo)o(v)o(es)d(are)365
952 y(quite)g(accurate,)h(but)f(exp)q(ensiv)o(e;)h(prohibitiv)o(ely)e(so)h
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1083 y(The)g(ob)r(jectiv)o(e)g(of)f(mo)o(v)o(e)g(ordering)h(is)f(therefore)j
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1133 y(Therefore)21 b(\014nding)f(go)q(o)q(d)g Fh(\013)g Fp(v)n(alues)h(quic)
o(kly)e(and)h(causing)h(early)f Fh(\014)j Fp(cut)e(o\013s.)38
b(The)262 1183 y(time)13 b(sp)q(en)o(t)j(ordering)f(mo)o(v)o(es)f(m)o(ust)g
(b)q(e)h(small)e(or)i(the)h(pro)q(cess)g(will)e(b)q(e)h(self{defeating.)262
1233 y(Therefore)f(the)g(\014rst)h(\014v)o(e)f(metho)q(ds)f(are)h(most)e
(common)f(in)i(con)o(temp)q(orary)g(brute)h(force)262 1283
y(c)o(hess)h(programs.)262 1434 y Fu(3.1.6)55 b(Null)18 b(Mo)n(v)n(es)262
1546 y Fp(In)d(c)o(hess,)j(unlik)o(e)d(some)g(other)i(games,)e(the)h(option)g
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1596 y(exist.)h(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(this)f(option)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g
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1645 y(in)f(order)i(to)e(detect)j(tactical)d(mo)o(v)o(es.)324
1731 y(The)k(idea)f(is)h(that)g(b)o(y)f(giving)f(up)i(the)h(righ)o(t)e(to)g
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1781 y(second)i(consecutiv)o(e)h(mo)o(v)o(e.)29 b(If)18 b(this)g(second)i(mo)
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y(b)q(ene\014cial,)i(then)g(it)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(assumed)f(that)h(the)g
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1880 y(threat.)d(In)c(this)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(mo)o(v)o(es)g(whic)o(h)h(represen)o
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(mo)o(v)o(e,)e(than)i(no)g(mo)o(v)o(e)262 2015 y(at)f(all)g(\(a)g
Fm(nul)r(l)i(move)p Fp(\).)18 b(In)12 b(fact)g(in)f(c)o(hess,)i(a)f
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2065 y(where)k(all)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(mo)o(v)o(es)h(lead)h(to)g(a)f(loss)i
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2214 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(zugzw)o(ang)g(is)f(v)o(ery)h(rare)h(and)e(do)q(es)
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2264 y(tec)o(hnique.)324 2350 y(Don)j(Beal)h(has)g(done)f(a)h(lot)f(of)g(exp)
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2574 y(29)p eop
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30 31 bop 262 653 a Fl(F)l(unction)11 b Fp(Quiescence\(P)17
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Fl(in)o(teger)p Fp(\))11 b Fl(returns)j(in)o(teger)262 752
y(v)m(ar)321 802 y Fp(m)82 b(:)18 b Fl(mo)o(v)o(e)321 852 y
Fp(score,)321 902 y(b)q(est)44 b(:)18 b Fl(in)o(teger)262 1001
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y(GenerateMo)o(v)o(es\(P\))321 1300 y Fl(for)h(eac)o(h)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e
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1549 y(score)g(:=)e Ff(\000)p Fp(Quiescence\()p Fh(P)812 1555
y Fe(m)847 1549 y Fp(,)g Ff(\000)p Fh(\014)r Fp(,)h Ff(\000)p
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1649 y(b)q(est)h(:=)e(score)391 b(/*)13 b Fm(Stor)n(e)i(b)n(est)f(sc)n(or)n
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31 32 bop 262 307 a Fp(mo)o(v)o(es.)15 b(In)c(particular)g(he)g(de\014nes)h
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(width)h(2)f(ply)262 876 y(searc)o(h,)19 b(in)f(addition)f(to)h(the)h(normal)
d(quiescence)k(searc)o(h,)g(after)e(a)g(n)o(ull)f(mo)o(v)o(e.)29
b(This)262 926 y(allo)o(w)o(ed)17 b(the)i(algorithm)d(to)i(additionally)f
(detect)j(tactical)e(plo)o(ys)g(suc)o(h)i(as)e(forks)h(and)262
976 y(sk)o(ew)o(ers.)24 b(Other)17 b(programs,)d(notably)h(Kaissa)h([1)o(],)f
(ha)o(v)o(e)g(used)i(the)f(n)o(ull)e(mo)o(v)o(e)g(idea)i(to)262
1026 y(pro)o(vide)e(faster)g(cut)h(o\013s,)f(without)g(using)g(it)g
(algorithmical)o(ly)d(to)j(select)h(mo)o(v)o(es)e(as)i(Beal)262
1075 y(and)e(Hamlen)g(ha)o(v)o(e.)324 1161 y(Beal's)g(n)o(ull)f(mo)o(v)o(e)g
(quiescence)j(searc)o(h)g(can)e(b)q(e)h(seen)h(in)d(\014gure)i(3.4.)j(It)c
(is)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)262 1210 y(to)20 b(realise)h(that)g(Ev)n(aluate)f(ma)o
(y)f(itself)h(b)q(e)i(a)e(searc)o(h)i(of)e(some)g(kind.)38
b(In)21 b(fact)g(Beal)262 1260 y(adv)o(o)q(cates)d(the)g(use)h(of)e(a)h(2nd)f
(lev)o(el)h(n)o(ull)e(mo)o(v)o(e)g(quiescence)k(searc)o(h)f(supp)q(orted)g(b)
o(y)f(a)262 1310 y(1st)e(lev)o(el)g(quiescence)i(searc)o(h,)f(in)f(place)g
(of)g(Ev)n(aluate,)f(using)h(material)e(balance)i(as)h(its)262
1360 y(ev)n(aluation.)262 1512 y Fu(3.1.7)55 b(Razoring)262
1624 y Fp(Razoring)13 b(is)i(a)g(tec)o(hnique)h(devised)f(b)o(y)g(Birmingham)
c(and)k(Ken)o(t)h([11)o(].)k(The)c(tec)o(hnique)262 1673 y(uses)i(the)g
(assumption)e(that)h(a)g(pla)o(y)o(er)g(who)g(has)h(the)g(mo)o(v)o(e)d(can)j
(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(main)o(tain)f(or)262 1723 y(impro)o(v)o(e)d(his)h(p)q
(osition)h(b)o(y)f(pla)o(ying)g(a)g(mo)o(v)o(e.)324 1808 y(The)k(tec)o
(hnique)i(w)o(orks)e(b)o(y)g(using)g(a)g(static)g(ev)n(aluation)f(v)n(alue)h
(at)g(in)o(terior)g(as)g(w)o(ell)262 1858 y(as)i(terminal)f(no)q(des.)35
b(This)19 b(v)n(alue)g(is)g(compared)g(to)g(the)h(curren)o(t)h
Fh(\013)e Fp(v)n(alue)g(with)g(the)262 1908 y(assumption)10
b(that)h(the)h(opp)q(onen)o(t)g(can)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(main)o(tain)f(or)i
(impro)o(v)o(e)f(his)h(p)q(osition)g(with)262 1958 y(a)g(mo)o(v)o(e.)16
b(Therefore,)d(the)f(static)h(score)g(is)f(treated)h(as)f(an)f(upp)q(er)i(b)q
(ound)f(on)g(the)g(p)q(ossible)262 2008 y(scores)j(resulting)f(from)e(the)j
(opp)q(onen)o(ts)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(mo)o(v)o(es.)17 b(Hence,)e(if)e(this)h
(static)g(v)n(alue)262 2058 y(is)f(no)h(greater)h(than)f(the)h
Fh(\013)e Fp(v)n(alue,)g(it)h(is)g(assumed)f(that)h(the)h(subtree)h(cannot)e
(a\013ect)h(the)262 2107 y Fh(\013)g Fp(v)n(alue)h(at)g(this)g(lev)o(el)g
(and)g(can)g(therefore)i(b)q(e)e(cut)h(o\013.)25 b(Note)16
b(that)h(this)f(tec)o(hnique)h(is)262 2157 y(only)c(applied)g(from)f(the)j(p)
q(oin)o(t)e(of)g(view)h(of)f(the)i(pla)o(y)o(er)e(who)h(has)g(just)g(mo)o(v)o
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2292 y(left)k(of)g(eac)o(h)h(no)q(de)g(represen)o(t)i(the)e(static)g(v)n
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2342 y(represen)o(t)e(bac)o(k)o(ed)f(up)f(negamax)f(v)n(alues.)22
b(No)q(de)15 b(B)h(is)f(examined)f(\014rst)i(giving)e(a)h(static)262
2392 y(v)n(alue)e(of)h(+7.)21 b(No)q(des)15 b(C)g(and)f(D)g(are)h(then)g
(searc)o(hed,)h(resulting)f(in)f(v)n(alues)g(of)g Ff(\000)p
Fp(15)h(and)262 2442 y Ff(\000)p Fp(4)i(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)31
b(A)18 b(v)n(alue)f(of)h(+4)f(using)h(negamax)e(is)i(subsequen)o(tly)h(bac)o
(k)o(ed)f(up)g(to)957 2574 y(31)p eop
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32 33 bop 697 1103 a Fp(Figure)14 b(3.5:)j(Razoring)c(in)h(action.)262
1236 y(no)q(de)g(B.)g(The)h Fh(\013)f Fp(v)n(alue)f(at)h(this)h(lev)o(el)e
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1286 y(to)h(no)q(de)h(E)g(is)g(no)o(w)f(examined)g(and)g(giv)o(en)h(a)f
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1335 y(tec)o(hnique,)e(this)g(v)n(alue)f(represen)o(ts)k(an)d(upp)q(er)g(b)q
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1385 y(leading)g(to)h(no)q(des)g(F)g(and)g(G)g(are)g(assumed)g(to)g(main)o
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y(score)g(thereb)o(y)g(decreasing)h(the)e(score)i(at)e(this)g(lev)o(el.)25
b(As)17 b(the)f(upp)q(er)i(b)q(ound)e(of)g(+1)g(is)262 1485
y(already)d(less)h(than)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h Fh(\013)d Fp(v)n(alue)h(at)g
(ply)g(1,)g(no)q(des)h(F)f(and)g(G)g(cannot)h(a\013ect)g(the)262
1535 y(searc)o(h)h(result)f(and)g(can)g(therefore)h(b)q(e)g(cut)f(o\013)g(b)o
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(extended)h(b)o(y)e(using)g(the)h(assumption)e(that)h(a)262
1670 y(pla)o(y)o(er)f(can)g(impro)o(v)o(e)f(his)h(curren)o(t)i(p)q(osition)e
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1720 y(mo)o(v)o(e.)29 b(This)18 b(extension)g(of)g(the)h(idea)f(is)g(kno)o
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1769 y(more)12 b(razor)j(cut)f(o\013s,)g(but)g(at)g(a)f(m)o(uc)o(h)g(greater)
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o(t)f(where)h(b)o(y)e(the)262 1904 y(assumption)f(is)h(made)f(that)i(there)g
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(es)262 1954 y(a)e(pla)o(y)o(ers)h(p)q(osition,)e(but)i(impro)o(v)o(es)e(it)i
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(example.)262 2004 y(This)e('enhancemen)o(t')f(further)i(increases)h(razored)
f(cut)g(o\013s,)f(but)g(at)g(the)h(cost)g(of)e(missing)262
2054 y(p)q(ossibly)i(more)g(vital)g(mo)o(v)o(es.)324 2139 y(I)20
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b(to)g(the)h(enhancemen)o(t)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)20 b(F)m(or)14
b(example,)f(assume)h(that)h(there)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(exists)262
2239 y(a)g(mo)o(v)o(e)g(that)h(will)e(not)i(deteriorate)h(the)g(p)q(osition)e
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y(half)i(a)h(pa)o(wn.)31 b(Di\013eren)o(t)19 b(thresholds)h(could)e(b)q(e)h
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y(p)q(erhaps)14 b(w)o(eigh)o(ted)f(so)g(that)g(as)g(the)h(searc)o(h)g
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2388 y(tree,)i(more)e(cut)i(o\013s)f(are)h(made.)i(This)e(enhancemen)o(t)f(w)
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33 34 bop 262 307 a Fp(particularly)13 b(at)g(shallo)o(w)o(er)h(depths)h
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392 y(I)j(b)q(eliev)o(e)g(the)h(assumption)d(made)h(b)o(y)h(the)h(Razoring)e
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(hniques)i(for)e(heuristic)i(p)q(ositional)d(ev)n(aluation)262
841 y(of)j(c)o(hess)j(p)q(ositions.)k(Most)15 b(of)e(these)j(tec)o(hniques)g
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y(eac)o(h)i(other.)324 976 y(The)g(imp)q(ortance)g(of)f(the)i(ev)n(aluation)d
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1026 y(it)12 b(is)h(this)g(that)g(giv)o(es)g(a)g(program)e(its)i(distinctiv)o
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1076 y(often)g(a)h(prelude)h(to)e(a)h(winning)f(tactical)g(com)o(bination.)
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34 35 bop 262 307 a Fp(as)14 b(their)h(program)e(impro)o(v)o(es,)g(more)h
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(order)g(in)f(whic)o(h)262 1538 y(the)k(ev)n(aluation)e(criteria)j(w)o(ere)g
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1623 y(Sev)o(eral)e(attempts)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(made)d(to)h(generate)h
(a)f('b)q(est)h(\014t')f(ev)n(aluation)f(function)262 1673
y([27)o(,)i(39].)19 b(Most)c(of)f(these)h(studies)h(are)f(based)g(on)f(an)g
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(v)o(es)f(as)h(often)h(as)262 1773 y(p)q(ossible.)j(Suc)o(h)11
b(attempts)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(hit)f(serious)h(problems)f(b)q(ecause,)j(as)e(I)f
(see)i(it,)f(5)f(problem)262 1823 y(areas)k(exist:)312 1904
y(1.)20 b(A)c(b)q(est)h(\014t)f(can)g(only)e(b)q(e)j(attempted)e(for)h(the)g
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b(Therefore,)365 2053 y(p)q(ossibly)14 b(in)o(tro)q(ducing)f(side)i
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35 36 bop 312 307 a Fp(5.)20 b(Some)e(mo)o(v)o(es)f(are)i(tactically)f
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924 y(selectiv)o(e)12 b(searc)o(h)h(programs)d(the)j(ev)n(aluation)d(pro)q
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1023 y(The)j(di\016cult)o(y)f(here)j(is)e(that)g(kno)o(wledge)g(de\014ciency)
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(m)o(ust)f(pla)o(y)262 1123 y(a)f(vital)g(role)h(in)f(suc)o(h)i(programs.)j
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y(detail,)12 b(let)i(alone,)f(allo)o(w)f(suc)o(h)j(kno)o(wledge)f(to)f(b)q(e)
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1457 y(realise)13 b(when)g(a)g(p)q(osition)f(is)h(unsuitable)f(for)h(static)g
(ev)n(aluation)f(and)g(inform)f(the)i(searc)o(h)262 1507 y(pro)q(cess,)i(so)f
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1771 y Fp(Static)e(ev)n(aluation)f(at)i(leaf)e(no)q(des)j(is)e(exp)q(ensiv)o
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y(do)e(not)h(re\015ect)h(the)g(true)g(merits)e(of)g(a)g(p)q(osition,)g(esp)q
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(up)q(dating)h(the)i(p)q(ositional)d(totals)i(as)262 1920 y(mo)o(v)o(es)f
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36 37 bop 262 307 a Fp(Therefore,)13 b(if)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(is)e(to)f(b)q
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407 y(of)h(time,)f(p)q(erhaps)j(prohibitiv)o(ely)d(so.)324
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(quiescence)i(searc)o(h)f(also,)e(usually)g(o)q(ccurs)262 691
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y(game)12 b(is)i(in,)f(so)h(the)g(correct)i(ev)n(aluation)c(criteria)i(or)g
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y(some)f(asp)q(ect)k(of)d(the)h(p)q(osition.)20 b(F)m(or)14
b(example,)g(early)g(in)h(the)g(game)e(the)j(king)e(needs)i(to)262
1781 y(sta)o(y)c(near)i(the)f(edge)h(of)e(the)i(b)q(oard)f(protected)i(b)o(y)
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y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(the)h(king)f(should)g(b)q(egin)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(mo)o(v)o
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1880 y(endgame.)j(If)11 b(this)g(pro)q(cess)j(is)d(not)g(p)q(erformed)g
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1930 y(in)f(an)h(endgame)g(with)g(its)g(king)f(misplaced,)g(and)h(a)g(sudden)
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2115 y(could)g(b)q(e)g(in)o(tro)q(duced)h(gen)o(tly)m(,)e(or)i(existing)f
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2300 y(therefore)f(b)q(e)f(easily)f(calculated,)h(although)f(deciding)h(when)
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37 38 bop 324 307 a Fp(The)14 b(game)f(phase)i(can)f(also)f(b)q(e)i(used)g
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38 39 bop 262 307 a Fu(3.3.1)55 b(Rote)18 b(Learning)262 419
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5 v 641 1904 5 665 v 646 1323 a Fg(0Z0ZrskZ)646 1406 y(Zpo0Zpop)646
1489 y(0ZpZ0Z0Z)646 1572 y(o0Z0l0Z0)646 1655 y(0Z0ZPZnZ)646
1738 y(Z0M0L0Z0)646 1821 y(POPZ0OPO)646 1904 y(Z0ZRS0J0)p 1310
1904 V 641 1908 673 5 v 266 2027 a Fp(Figure)h(4.1:)j Fl(Fidelit)o(y)c(68030)
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324 2145 y(In)g(\014gure)g(4.1,)f(the)h(Material)f(totals)h(for)f(white)h
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y Fh(M)5 b(T)413 2298 y Fe(B)q(lack)533 2292 y Fp(=)14 b(13025)957
2574 y(45)p eop
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46 47 bop 262 307 a Fr(4.2)69 b(De\014nition)21 b(2)i(:)31
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1581 y(linearly)11 b(as)i(material)d(is)i(captured,)i(except)g(when)f(the)g
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1966 y(whic)o(h)f(are)h(a\013ected)h(b)o(y)e(material)e(status.)18
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2150 y(erally)d(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(to)i(trade)g(pieces)h(not)f(pa)o(wns)g
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2300 y(pa)o(wn)f(v)n(alues.)34 b(T)m(rading)19 b(pa)o(wns)g(will)f(not)h(b)q
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y(remain)12 b(una\013ected.)p 262 2411 573 2 v 308 2437 a Fj(1)325
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Fp(46)p eop
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888 y([59)o(])e(is)g(of)g(the)i(opinion)d(that)i(mobilit)o(y)c(in)j(itself)h
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y Fc(P)564 1716 y Fk(64)564 1749 y Fe(sq)q Fk(=1)640 1737 y
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957 2574 y(47)p eop
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b(47)957 2574 y(48)p eop
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eop
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b(this)h(will)d(come)i(as)g(no)g(surprise)i(to)262 1201 y(an)o(y)13
b(strong)h(c)o(hess)i(pla)o(y)o(ers.)324 1286 y(The)g(cen)o(tre)i(is)e(con)o
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(tral)g(squares.)262 1336 y(Therefore)j(m)o(y)e(cen)o(tre)j(con)o(trol)e(ev)n
(aluation)f(criteria)i(m)o(ust)f(detect)i(suc)o(h)f(factors)g(and)262
1386 y(encourage)14 b(their)h(ac)o(hiev)o(emen)o(t.)p 641 1480
673 5 v 641 2144 5 665 v 646 1563 a Fg(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1646 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)646
1729 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1812 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)646 1895 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646
1978 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)646 2061 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 2144 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)p 1310
2144 V 641 2148 673 5 v 687 1539 a Fl(1)58 b(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)687
1622 y(1)g(2)h(2)g(2)f(2)h(2)g(2)f(1)687 1705 y(1)g(2)h(4)g(4)f(4)h(4)g(2)f
(1)687 1788 y(1)g(2)h(4)g(8)f(8)h(4)g(2)f(1)687 1871 y(1)g(2)h(4)g(8)f(8)h(4)
g(2)f(1)687 1954 y(1)g(2)h(4)g(4)f(4)h(4)g(2)f(1)687 2037 y(1)g(2)h(2)g(2)f
(2)h(2)g(2)f(1)687 2120 y(1)g(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)617
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51 52 bop 344 307 a Fl(where)380 357 y Fh(V)404 363 y Fe(sq)452
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b(of)f(the)i(cen)o(tre)g(b)o(y)262 1331 y(knigh)o(ts)12 b(is)g(of)g
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b(A)11 b(cen)o(trally)f(placed)262 1430 y(knigh)o(t)j(is)g(b)q(est)i(able)f
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1665 y(pla)o(y)f(a)i(less)g(prominen)o(t)e(role)i(as)g(pieces)h(are)f(exc)o
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1715 y(of)j(attac)o(ks)h(and)g(p)q(ossible)g(squares)i(o)q(ccupied.)22
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y(felt)f(necessary)m(.)324 1850 y(Applied)e(to)g(the)h(p)q(osition)e(in)h
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2574 y(51)p eop
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52 53 bop 262 307 a Fu(4.3.4)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(6)i(:)24
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1660 y(I)12 b(will)g(use)h(a)f(table)h(driv)o(en)g(function.)k(This)c(will)e
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1860 y(to)g(attac)o(k)h(certain)h(squares)g(on)e(the)i(king)e(side,)h(for)f
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2574 y(52)p eop
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70 71 bop 262 307 a Fr(4.8)69 b(Queen)22 b(Ev)l(aluation)262
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1138 y(c)o(hances)12 b(and)f(can)g(sometimes)e(b)q(e)i(used)h(to)f(dra)o(w)g
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y(of)j(mo)o(v)o(es.)262 1339 y Fu(4.8.1)55 b(De\014nition)17
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1512 y Fe(col)462 1506 y Fp(=)506 1475 y Fc(P)550 1485 y Fk(64)550
1518 y Fe(sq)q Fk(=1)675 1506 y Fl(if)13 b Fp(\(Occup)o
(y\([Queen],col,sq\)\))734 1559 y Ff(\000)p Fp(2)p Ff(\001)p
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1658 y Fp(0)675 1708 y Fl(endif)262 1835 y Fp(The)j(queen)h(is)f(p)q
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b(A)16 b(queen)h(on)f(the)262 1885 y(same)e(rank)h(\(or)h(\014le\))g(as)f
(the)h(enem)o(y)f(king)f(will)g(receiv)o(e)j(no)e(p)q(enalt)o(y)h(regardless)
g(of)f(the)262 1934 y(corresp)q(onding)g(\014le)g(\(or)g(rank\))f(distance.)
21 b(An)o(y)15 b(p)q(enalties)g(giv)o(en)f(will)g(b)q(e)h(directly)g(pro-)262
1984 y(p)q(ortional)d(to)i(the)h(minim)n(um)9 b(rank)14 b(or)g(\014le)g
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2119 y(with)k(resp)q(ect)j(to)d(either)h(the)g(rank)g(or)f(\014le)h
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2169 y(queen/king)g(p)q(osition)f(is)h(w)o(arran)o(ted,)h(the)g(king)e(safet)
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y(encourage)h(its)g(ac)o(hiev)o(emen)o(t.)957 2574 y(70)p eop
%%Page: 71 73
71 72 bop 262 307 a Fu(4.8.2)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(27)i(:)24
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474 y Fp(=)503 443 y Fc(P)547 453 y Fk(64)547 486 y Fe(sq)q
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676 y Fp(0)675 726 y Fl(endif)262 853 y Fp(As)h(explained)f(in)h(the)g
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1052 y(Therefore,)c(the)f(queen)h(is)f(encouraged)h(to)e(maximi)o(se)f(its)i
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y Fu(4.8.3)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(28)i(:)24 b(Queen)19 b(V)-5
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b Fh(QC)564 1606 y Fe(col)616 1600 y Fp(+)e Fh(QP)718 1606
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1849 y Fh(QP)440 1855 y Fe(col)498 1849 y Fp(:)23 b Fl(Queen)15
b(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)f(\(De\014niti)o(on)f(27\).)262 1976 y Fp(All)f(the)i(queen)
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(in)h(order)h(to)262 2026 y(calculate)f(the)i(total)e(queen)i(v)n(alue)e(for)
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2208 y Fh(QV)401 2214 y Fe(W)t(hite)533 2208 y Fp(=)i Ff(\000)p
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2258 y Fp(=)i Ff(\000)p Fp(10)9 b(+)h(13)h(=)h(3)957 2574 y(71)p
eop
%%Page: 72 74
72 73 bop 262 307 a Fr(4.9)69 b(King)23 b(Ev)l(aluation)262
434 y Fp(The)15 b(king)g(is)g(the)h(most)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(piece)k(on)e
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483 y(the)e(game.)324 569 y(In)e(the)i(op)q(ening,)e(the)h(king)f(m)o(ust)g
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803 y(co)o(v)o(er)e(for)f(an)o(y)h(w)o(eak)g(p)q(oin)o(ts.)324
889 y(In)j(the)h(endgame,)g(unlik)o(e)e(other)j(stages)f(of)f(the)h(game,)f
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(the)262 1038 y(endgame)e(could)h(b)q(e)g(disastrous.)23 b(Therefore,)16
b(the)g(king)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)g(suitably)g(p)q(ositioned)262
1088 y(to)e(tak)o(e)h(adv)n(an)o(tage)f(of)g(an)o(y)h(w)o(eaknesses)i(in)d
(the)i(opp)q(osing)e(forces.)262 1239 y Fu(4.9.1)55 b(De\014nition)17
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1377 y Fe(col)470 1371 y Fp(=)513 1339 y Fc(P)557 1350 y Fk(64)557
1383 y Fe(sq)q Fk(=1)640 1371 y Fh(K)s(F)705 1377 y Fe(col;sq)344
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1523 y Fp(:)36 b Fl(if)13 b Fp(\(Occup)o(y\([King],col,sq\))g
Fl(and)g Fp(Has\([Ro)q(ok,Queen],Opp\(col\)\)\))651 1573 y
Fl(if)g Fp(\(Op)q(en\(OnFile\(sq\)\)\))710 1623 y Fh(K)s(F)775
1629 y Fe(col;sq)873 1623 y Fp(=)e Ff(\000)p Fp(2)f Ff(\001)e
Fh(phase)651 1673 y Fl(else)710 1722 y(if)13 b Fp(\(SemiOp)q
(en\(Opp\(col\),OnFile\(sq\)\))710 1772 y Fl(or)h Fp(SemiOp)q
(en\(col,OnFile\(sq\)\)\))769 1822 y Fh(K)s(F)834 1828 y Fe(col;sq)932
1822 y Fp(=)d Ff(\000)p Fh(phase)710 1872 y Fl(else)769 1922
y Fh(K)s(F)834 1928 y Fe(col;sq)932 1922 y Fp(=)g(0)710 1971
y Fl(endif)651 2021 y(endif)651 2071 y(if)i Fp(\(OnFile\(sq\))h(=)h(2)e
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Fp(\(Op)q(en\(OnFile\(sq\))p Ff(\000)p Fp(1\)\))769 2171 y
Fh(K)s(F)834 2177 y Fe(col;sq)932 2171 y Fp(=)e Ff(\000)p Fh(phase)710
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2320 y Fp(=)e Ff(\000)p Fh(phase=)p Fp(2)769 2370 y Fl(endif)710
2420 y(endif)957 2574 y Fp(72)p eop
%%Page: 73 75
73 74 bop 651 307 a Fl(else)710 357 y(if)13 b Fp(\(Op)q
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407 y Fp(=)e Ff(\000)p Fh(phase)710 457 y Fl(else)769 506 y(if)i
Fp(\(SemiOp)q(en\(Opp\(col\),OnFile\(sq\)+1\)\))828 556 y Fh(K)s(F)893
562 y Fe(col;sq)991 556 y Fp(=)e Ff(\000)p Fh(phase=)p Fp(2)769
606 y Fl(endif)710 656 y(endif)651 706 y(endif)592 756 y(else)651
805 y Fh(K)s(F)716 811 y Fe(col;sq)813 805 y Fp(=)h(0)592 855
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1401 y(Note)g(these)h(p)q(enalties)g(are)f(only)f(imp)q(osed)g(if)g(the)i
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2248 y Fe(col;sq)746 2292 y Fl(else)805 2342 y Fp(0)746 2392
y Fl(endif)957 2574 y Fp(73)p eop
%%Page: 74 76
74 75 bop 380 307 a Fh(C)s(O)445 313 y Fe(col;sq)544 307 y
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466 1180 y Fp(Figure)14 b(4.11:)i(Initial)d(W)m(eigh)o(tings)f(for)i(Knigh)o
(t)f(Square)i(T)m(able.)344 1328 y Fh(N)5 b(S)r(T)433 1334
y Fe(col;sq)534 1328 y Fp(:)46 b Fl(for)15 b(eac)o(h)h(square)d
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1377 y Fp(=)11 b Fh(S)r(T)933 1383 y Fe(col;sq)1029 1377 y
Fp(+)f Fh(P)c(H)1139 1383 y Fe(col;sq)1233 1377 y Fp(+)j Fh(K)s(C)1342
1383 y Fe(col;sq)592 1427 y Fl(endfor)344 1527 y(where)380
1577 y Fh(S)r(T)431 1583 y Fe(col;sq)531 1577 y Fp(:)18 b(Static)c(w)o(eigh)o
(tings)f(as)h(de\014ned)h(in)f(\014gure)g(4.11.)380 1676 y
Fh(P)6 b(H)448 1682 y Fe(col;sq)546 1676 y Fp(:)34 b Fl(if)13
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1776 y Fl(else)651 1826 y Fp(0)592 1876 y Fl(endif)380 1975
y Fh(K)s(C)448 1981 y Fe(col;sq)547 1975 y Fp(:)33 b Ff(\000)p
Fp(T)m(axicab\(KingSq\(col\),sq\))13 b Ff(\000)h Fp(T)m
(axicab\(KingSq\(Opp\(col\)\),sq\))262 2102 y(Knigh)o(ts)h(are)h(encouraged)h
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89 90 bop 262 307 a Fu(4.11.5)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(41)i(:)25
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y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1077 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)p 1310 1077 V 641 1081 673 5
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1377 y Fp(=)e Fh(S)r(T)929 1383 y Fe(col;sq)1025 1377 y Fp(+)e
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y(where)380 1577 y Fh(S)r(T)431 1583 y Fe(col;sq)531 1577 y
Fp(:)49 b(Static)14 b(w)o(eigh)o(tings)f(as)h(de\014ned)h(in)f(\014gure)g
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2152 y(on)e(the)i(game)d(phase.)957 2574 y(89)p eop
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90 91 bop 262 307 a Fu(4.11.6)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(42)i(:)25
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2001 y(P)o(a)o(wnMass)i(=)f(P)o(a)o(wnMass)g(+)g(T)m
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y Fp(90)p eop
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91 92 bop 888 307 a Fp(P)o(a)o(wnMass)14 b(=)g(P)o(a)o(wnMass)g(+)g(T)m
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(the)h(pa)o(wns)g(with)g(particular)g(emphasis)f(on)g(passed)i(pa)o(wns.)957
2574 y(91)p eop
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92 93 bop 262 307 a Fu(4.11.7)55 b(De\014nition)17 b(43)i(:)25
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5 v 687 473 a Fl(2)58 b(2)h(2)g(2)f(2)h(2)g(2)f(2)687 556 y(2)g(2)h(2)g(2)f
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722 y(2)g(2)h(2)g(2)f(2)h(2)g(2)f(2)687 805 y(1)g(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)h(1)g(1)f(1)
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93 94 bop 592 307 a Fp(4.14)13 b(and)h(4.15)380 407 y Fh(P)6
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94 95 bop 262 307 a Fr(4.12)69 b(De\014nition)20 b(44)j(:)30
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b(la)o(y)g(in)h(the)g Ff(\000)p Fp(5)g(to)g(+3)g(range.)33
b(Th)o(us,)20 b(indicating)e(that)h(most)f(h)o(uman)f(c)o(hess)262
1080 y(pla)o(y)o(ers)c(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)g(balanced)g(abilit)o(y)e(with)h(a)h
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1165 y(Bratk)o(o)i(and)f(Kop)q(ec)i(also)e(ga)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(table)h(giving)e
(rating)i(ranges)g(and)g(corresp)q(onding)262 1215 y(mean)f(v)n(alues.)20
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(2000-2199)c(and)j(2200-)262 1265 y(2399)d(are)j(giv)o(en)e(b)q(elo)o(w:)p
516 1355 923 2 v 515 1405 2 50 v 541 1390 a Fm(R)n(ating)i(r)n(ange)p
797 1405 V 50 w(Me)n(an)h(T)p 990 1405 V 49 w(Me)n(an)g(L)p
1179 1405 V 50 w(12\(T)p Ff(\000)p Fm(L\)/S)p 1438 1405 V 516
1407 923 2 v 515 1457 2 50 v 541 1442 a Fp(2000-2199)p 797
1457 V 134 w(6.67)p 990 1457 V 116 w(4.84)p 1179 1457 V 150
w(1.73)p 1438 1457 V 516 1458 923 2 v 515 1508 2 50 v 541 1493
a(2200-2399)p 797 1508 V 134 w(7.81)p 990 1508 V 116 w(8.07)p
1179 1508 V 160 w(0.2)p 1438 1508 V 516 1510 923 2 v 324 1620
a(Comparing)9 b(these)j(results)h(with)d(those)i(of)f(HIAR)o(CS,)f(it)h(can)g
(b)q(e)h(seen)h(that)e(HIAR)o(CS)262 1670 y(has)16 b(a)f(sligh)o(tly)g(b)q
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(er)e(score)h(\(L\))262 1719 y(than)11 b(pla)o(y)o(ers)g(in)f(the)i
(2000-2199)d(rating)h(range.)17 b(P)o(erhaps)c(more)d(surprisingly)m(,)g
(HIAR)o(CS)262 1769 y(displa)o(y)o(ed)g(a)h(b)q(etter)i(balance)e(b)q(et)o(w)
o(een)h(tactical)f(and)g(p)q(ositional)f(abilit)o(y)f(than)i(the)h(mean)262
1819 y(results)j(in)e(that)h(rating)f(range.)324 1904 y(F)m(or)g(the)h
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(oth)g(tactically)f(and)262 1954 y(p)q(ositionally)m(.)i(It)f(is)g(in)o
(teresting,)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(that)h(at)g(this)g(higher)g(range)g(the)g
(lev)o(er)g(score)262 2004 y(is)20 b(greater)h(than)g(the)g(corresp)q(onding)
g(tactical)g(score,)h(re-enforcing)f(m)o(y)e(b)q(elief)i(that)262
2054 y(p)q(ositional)14 b(abilit)o(y)g(pla)o(ys)i(a)g(m)o(uc)o(h)e(greater)j
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2104 y(the)d(lo)o(w)o(er)g(lev)o(els)f(of)h(abilit)o(y)m(.)324
2189 y(Examining)9 b(the)k(Bratk)o(o-Kop)q(ec)g(graph)f(of)f(rating)h(vs)g
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(sample)e(is)h(small)262 2288 y(\(24)12 b(p)q(ositions\),)h(I)g(will)f(only)h
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(range)g(2030)p 262 2325 573 2 v 308 2352 a Fj(1)325 2364 y
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(that)f(con\014dence)e(in)j(a)g(realistic)e(bias)h(v)n(alue)262
2403 y(is)g(imp)q(ossible)946 2574 y Fp(144)p eop
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145 146 bop 262 307 a Fp(to)16 b(2170.)25 b(My)16 b(past)h(exp)q(erience)i
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442 y(A)o(t)e(the)g(recen)o(t)h(\(1989\))e(W)m(orld)g(Computer)g(Chess)i
(Championship)c(all)i(the)h(strongest)262 492 y(programs)18
b(w)o(ere)i(also)f(tested)j(on)d(these)i(Bratk)o(o-Kop)q(ec)g(test)f(p)q
(ositions)g([41)o(].)35 b(I)19 b(will)262 542 y(examine)c(the)j(reasons)h(wh)
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(ositions)262 592 y(and)h(using)g(the)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(pap)q(er,)h(will)d
(compare)h(its)g(successes)k(and)d(failures)f(with)g(the)262
641 y(results)c(pro)q(duced)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(strongest)g(c)o(hess)g(mac)o
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826 y(\(2)j(seconds\).)32 b(In)18 b(test)i(5,)e(the)g(correct)i(mo)o(v)o(e)d
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926 y(seconds)17 b(its)g(c)o(hoice)g(c)o(hanged)f(to)h(Bf4)f(un)o(til)f(at)h
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324 1161 y(Of)k(the)i(tests)g(not)f(solv)o(ed,)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)c
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1210 y(required)f(the)g(sacri\014ce)g(of)f(a)g(pa)o(wn)g(for)g(p)q(ositional)
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(able)h(to)f(solv)o(e)h(this)262 1310 y(problem)12 b(either.)324
1395 y(In)18 b(test)h(7,)f(HIAR)o(CS)g(w)o(as)g(able)g(to)g(see)h(the)g
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1445 y(disdained)e(the)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(in)h(fa)o(v)o(our)f(of)h(the)h(strong)f
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1495 y(Mephisto)g(mac)o(hine)f(also)g(refused)i(to)f(pla)o(y)f(Nf6)h(and)f
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o(y)o(ed)g(strong)h(p)q(ositional)d(mo)o(v)o(es,)h(although)h(not)262
1680 y(the)f(b)q(est)g(mo)o(v)o(e.)k(This)c(highligh)o(ts)e(one)i(of)e(the)j
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1730 y(tests:)20 b(no)14 b(merit)f(is)h(giv)o(en)g(for)g(c)o(hosen)h(mo)o(v)o
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1779 y(strong)g(alternativ)o(es.)k(After)d(all,)d(p)q(ositional)h(mo)o(v)o
(es)f(are)j(sometimes)d(a)i(matter)f(of)g(st)o(yle)262 1829
y(and)g('p)q(ersonal')h(preference.)324 1915 y(T)m(ests)h(10)f(and)g(22)g(w)o
(ere)h(just)g(to)q(o)f(deep,)h(tactically)f(sp)q(eaking,)g(for)g(HIAR)o(CS)g
(to)g(see)262 1964 y(in)h(the)h(allotted)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(min)o(utes.)22
b(T)m(ests)16 b(20)f(and)h(23)f(are)h(v)o(ery)f(di\016cult)g(p)q(ositional)f
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(strong)f(programs)e(w)o(as)i(unable)g(to)g(solv)o(e.)324 2099
y(I)21 b(w)o(as)f(particularly)g(impressed)h(b)o(y)g(HIAR)o(CS's)f(correct)i
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(17,)f(indicating)g(its)262 2199 y(di\016cult)o(y)m(.)i(The)c(sp)q(eed)i(at)e
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b(h5)15 b(\(less)262 2249 y(than)e(a)h(min)o(ute\),)e(w)o(as)i(encouraging.)
324 2334 y(HIAR)o(CS)g(did)g(ac)o(hiev)o(e)h(a)f(lev)o(er)h(score)h
Fm(e)n(qual)f Fp(to)f(Deep)i(Though)o(t,)d(1)i(p)q(oin)o(t)f
Fm(ahe)n(ad)h Fp(of)262 2384 y(Hitec)o(h)c(and)h(only)e(1)h(p)q(oin)o(t)g
Fm(less)g Fp(than)h(the)g(highly)e(p)q(ositional)g(Mephisto)h(mac)o(hine)g(!)
17 b(This)262 2434 y(result)d(w)o(as)g(v)o(ery)g(pleasing.)946
2574 y(145)p eop
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146 147 bop 262 307 a Fr(7.2)69 b(Computer)22 b(Opp)r(osition)262
434 y Fp(A)10 b(matc)o(h)f(will)g(b)q(e)i(pla)o(y)o(ed)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i
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483 y(Mephisto)e(Exclusiv)o(e.)17 b(This)9 b(will)g(allo)o(w)f(a)h(further)i
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668 y(The)i(Mephisto)f(mac)o(hine)f(used)j(w)o(as)e(rated)h(at)f(ELO)h(1733)f
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(using)h(a)h(time)e(con)o(trol)262 903 y(of)f(60)g(mo)o(v)o(es)f(in)i(30)f
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(games)262 1038 y(and)c(illustrates)h(man)o(y)e(attributes)j(of)e(HIAR)o
(CS's)h(pla)o(y)m(.)i(HIAR)o(CS's)e(scores)h(are)g(sho)o(wn)262
1088 y(p)q(erio)q(dically)d(in)i(brac)o(k)o(ets.)510 1169 y(Game)e(1)510
1219 y(White)159 b(:)18 b Fl(Mephisto)c(Exclusiv)o(e)510 1269
y Fp(Blac)o(k)170 b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)e(5.0)510 1319 y Fp(Op)q(ening)118
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2177 y(Z0Z0ZNZ0)646 2260 y(POPO0ZPO)646 2343 y(SNAQJ0ZR)p 1310
2343 V 641 2347 673 5 v 762 2449 a Fp(P)o(osition)e(after)h(4.)k(...)f(Be6)
946 2574 y(146)p eop
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147 148 bop 262 307 a Fp(HIAR)o(CS)15 b(w)o(as)i(out)f(of)f(its)i(op)q(ening)
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b(is)f(also)262 407 y(no)o(w)d(out)h(of)f(its)h(op)q(ening)g(b)q(o)q(ok.)781
575 y(5.)62 b(Bxe6)51 b(fe)781 625 y(6.)62 b(d4)97 b(Qf6)14
b(\(+51\))262 743 y(With)d(blac)o(k's)h(pa)o(wn)g(structure)j(in)d(a)g
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793 y(adv)n(anced)h(f-pa)o(wn.)k(An)c(alternativ)o(e)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(w)o(as)h
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843 y(HIAR)o(CS's)g(castling)g(options.)781 1011 y(7.)62 b(o-o)85
b(Nc6)781 1061 y(8.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(Nge7)781 1111 y(9.)62 b(Nb5)k(o-o-o)781
1161 y(10.)41 b(a4)99 b(a6)781 1210 y(11.)41 b(Nc3)71 b(e5!)19
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1752 y(PZ0OPo0Z)646 1835 y(Z0M0ZNZ0)646 1918 y(0OPZ0ZPO)646
2001 y(S0AQZRJ0)p 1310 2001 V 641 2005 673 5 v 760 2124 a Fp(P)o(osition)13
b(after)i(11.)i(...)g(e5!)262 2242 y(The)c(stage)g(is)g(set.)18
b(With)13 b(the)g(kings)g(castled)g(on)g(opp)q(osite)g(\015anks,)g(blac)o
(k's)f(activit)o(y)g(will)262 2292 y(concen)o(trate)20 b(on)e(the)h(king)f
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(king)g(side)h(attac)o(k)f(with)h(pa)o(wns.)20 b(Ha)o(ving)262
2392 y(gained)11 b(a)h(temp)q(o)g(b)o(y)g(whites)g(premature)g(Nb5,)g(HIAR)o
(CS)g(sets)i(out)e(to)g(close)h(the)f(cen)o(tre.)262 2442 y(It)f(is)h(imp)q
(ortan)o(t)e(to)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(closed)i(cen)o(tral)f(p)q(osition)f
Fm(b)n(efor)n(e)g Fp(starting)g(an)o(y)h(\015ank)f(attac)o(k.)946
2574 y(147)p eop
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148 149 bop 781 357 a Fp(12.)41 b(d5)97 b(Nb4)262 460 y(12.)22
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b(lo)q(oks)g(a)g(b)q(etter)j(option.)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16
b(HIAR)o(CS)262 509 y(considered)e(whites)f(b)q(est)g(plan)f(w)o(as)h(a)f
(queen)i(side)e(pa)o(wn)h(attac)o(k,)f(hence)i(it)e(preferred)j(to)262
559 y(obstruct)g(this)f(b)o(y)f(pla)o(ying)f(Nb4)i(stopping)g(the)g(early)g
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f(to)h(follo)o(w)e(this)i(up)g(with)g(h5,)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(an)g
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1016 y(14.)41 b(Nh4)66 b(Qh6)781 1066 y(15.)41 b(Qg4+)35 b(Kb8)781
1116 y(16.)41 b(Rac1)50 b(g5)781 1166 y(17.)41 b(Nf3)76 b(Rg8)781
1216 y(18.)41 b(Nd1)66 b(a5)781 1265 y(19.)41 b(Bxb4)46 b(ab)781
1315 y(20.)41 b(a5)99 b(Qg6)14 b(\(+179\))p 641 1476 673 5
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2445 y(ZBZ0Z0J0)p 1310 2445 V 641 2449 673 5 v 946 2574 a Fp(156)p
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2330 V 641 2334 673 5 v 744 2449 a Fp(P)o(osition)e(after)h(42.)k(...)f(Ke5.)
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1526 y(w)o(on)d(king)g(and)h(pa)o(wn)f(ending.)324 1611 y(Although)k(HIAR)o
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2574 y(158)p eop
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1680 y(that)c(HIAR)o(CS)h(do)q(es)h(displa)o(y)d(the)j(tactical)f(and)f(p)q
(ositional)g(abilit)o(y)f(of)h(an)h(exp)q(ert)h(lev)o(el)262
1730 y(pla)o(y)o(er,)9 b(hence)i(meeting)e(the)i(aims)d(set)i(out)g(at)g(the)
g(b)q(eginning)f(of)g(the)i(pro)r(ject.)17 b(What)10 b(w)o(as)262
1779 y(most)j(surprising)h(ab)q(out)g(HIAR)o(CS's)g(results)i(on)e(the)h
(test)g(p)q(ositions)f(w)o(as)g(its)h(balanced)262 1829 y(p)q(ositional)g
(and)h(tactical)g(abilit)o(y)m(.)24 b(These)18 b(results)g(are)e
(particularly)g(impressiv)o(e)g(when)262 1879 y(compared)f(to)g(the)i
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(test)262 1929 y(p)q(ositions.)324 2014 y(The)d(results)h(ac)o(hiev)o(ed)g
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(oth)h(h)o(uman)262 2064 y(and)17 b(computer)g(opp)q(osition)f(re-enforce)j
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2114 y(exp)q(erimen)o(t.)946 2574 y(167)p eop
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168 169 bop 262 307 a Fr(8.3)69 b(Implications)20 b(and)k(F)-6
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533 y(ticated)17 b(searc)o(h)i(algorithms)c(suc)o(h)j(as)f(PVS)g(with)g
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683 y(game.)c(It)e(seems)g(that)f(the)i(problems)e(of)g(kno)o(wledge)g
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967 y(searc)o(h)k(program.)312 1081 y(1.)20 b(Creating)14 b(an)g(in)o
(telligen)o(t,)e(kno)o(wledge)i(based)g(program)e(from)h(scratc)o(h.)312
1162 y(2.)20 b(Gradual)13 b(c)o(hange)h(to)g(a)g(full)e(width)i(Shannon)g(t)o
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1426 y(to)18 b(an)g(in)o(telligen)o(t)f(Shannon)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g(B/C)f
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2399 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)i(man)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(problems)f(outlined)g(in)h(c)
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2449 y(to)d(b)q(e)i(the)f(case.)946 2574 y(168)p eop
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556 y(suc)o(h)c(questions)h(with)f(mo)o(v)o(e)e(sequences)17
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b(w)o(ould)i(limit)262 606 y(suc)o(h)j(a)g(metho)q(d)f(b)q(ecause)j(of)d(p)q
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706 y(of)c(the)h(ev)n(aluation)f(function)h(to)f(answ)o(er)i(questions)f(ab)q
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1893 y(complemen)o(t)f(eac)o(h)k(other)g(and)e(that)h(a)g(go)q(o)q(d)g
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1943 y(results.)946 2574 y(169)p eop
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170 171 bop 262 675 a Fo(Bibliog)q(raph)m(y)324 913 y Fp([1])19
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1959 y([7])19 b(H.)11 b(J.)h(Berliner)g(\(1989\))f(:)16 b Fm(Some)e
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2141 y([8])19 b(H.)14 b(J.)g(Berliner)g(:)k Fm(Personal)d(Communic)n(ation,)g
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2274 y Fp(Scien)o(ti\014c)h(American,)d(198,)h(pp)h(96-105.)303
2357 y([10])19 b(P)m(.)14 b(Bettadapur)h(\(1986\))f(:)19 b
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171 172 bop 303 307 a Fp([11])19 b(J.)12 b(A.)g(Birmingham)d(and)j(P)m(.)f
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487 y([12])19 b(I.)g(Bratk)o(o)h(and)f(D.)f(Kop)q(ec)j(\(1982\))e(:)29
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666 y([13])19 b(M.)12 b(S.)g(Campb)q(ell)f(and)h(T.)g(A.)g(Marsland)g
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716 y(T)m(r)n(e)n(e)h(Se)n(ar)n(ch)h(A)o(lgorithms.)e Fp(Arti\014cial)g(In)o
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y([14])19 b(J.)g(H.)f(Condon)g(and)g(K.)g(Thompson)f(\(1982\))h(:)27
b Fm(Bel)r(le)19 b(Chess)g(Har)n(dwar)n(e.)e Fp(Ad-)388 845
y(v)n(ances)d(in)e(Computer)g(Chess)h(3,)g(M.)f(Clark)o(e)g(\(ed\),)h(pp)g
(45-54,)e(P)o(ergamon)g(Press,)388 895 y(Oxford.)303 975 y([15])19
b(S.)14 b(M.)f(Cracraft)h(\(1984\))f(:)18 b Fm(Bitmap)c(Move)i(Gener)n(ation)
f(in)f(Chess.)g Fp(ICCA)f(Jour-)388 1024 y(nal,)g(V)m(ol)g(7,)g(No)h(3,)f(pp)
h(146-153.)303 1104 y([16])19 b(A.)26 b(D.)f(de)h(Gro)q(ot)f(\(1978\))g(:)42
b Fm(Thought)26 b(and)h(Choic)n(e)f(in)g(Chess.)f Fp(Mouton-)388
1154 y(DeGruyter,)15 b(2nd)e(edition.)303 1234 y([17])19 b(A.)e(D.)g(de)h
(Gro)q(ot)f(and)h(R.)e(W.)h(Jongman)e(\(1966\))i(:)25 b Fm(Heuristics)18
b(in)g(p)n(er)n(c)n(eptual)388 1284 y(pr)n(o)n(c)n(esses.)c
Fp(In)o(ternational)f(Congress)i(of)e(Psyc)o(hology)m(,)g(Mosco)o(w,)g
(August)h(1966.)303 1363 y([18])19 b(C.)10 b(Eb)q(eling)f(\(1986\))h(:)16
b Fm(A)o(l)r(l)10 b(the)h(R)o(ight)h(Moves)f({)h(A)f(VLSI)g(A)o(r)n(chite)n
(ctur)n(e)f(for)h(Chess.)388 1413 y Fp(PhD)j(thesis,)h(Carnegie{Mellon)e
(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)m(.)303 1493 y([19])19 b(A.)i(E.)f(Elo)h(\(1978\))f(:)32
b Fm(The)21 b(R)n(atings)g(of)h(Chess)f(Players)g(Past)g(and)h(Pr)n(esent.)
388 1543 y Fp(Batsford)15 b(Bo)q(oks,)e(London.)303 1622 y([20])19
b(M.)d(Eu)o(w)o(e)h(\(1970\))f(:)23 b Fm(Computers)17 b(and)h(Chess.)e
Fp(The)h(Encyclopaedia)f(of)g(Chess,)388 1672 y(A.)e(Sunn)o(uc)o(ks)g
(\(ed\),)h(St)f(Martin's)f(Press,)i(New)g(Y)m(ork.)303 1752
y([21])k Fm(Discussion)d(with)e(T)m(om)h(F)m(urstembur)n(g,)e(Fidelity)i(Ele)
n(ctr)n(onics,)f(A)o(ugust)h(1989.)303 1831 y Fp([22])k(J.)c(J.)f(Gillogly)e
(\(1972\))i(:)19 b Fm(The)d(T)m(e)n(chnolo)n(gy)g(Chess)f(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am.)f
Fp(Arti\014cial)g(In)o(telli-)388 1881 y(gence,)h(V)m(ol)e(3,)g(pp)h
(145-163.)303 1961 y([23])19 b(R.)f(D.)f(Green)o(blatt,)i(D.)f(E.)g(Eastlak)o
(e)g(I)q(I)q(I)h(and)f(S.)g(D.)f(Cro)q(c)o(k)o(er)i(\(1967\))f(:)27
b Fm(The)388 2011 y(Gr)n(e)n(enblatt)15 b(Chess)f(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am.)f
Fp(Pro)q(c.)i(FJCC,V)m(ol)d(31,)h(pp)h(801-810)303 2090 y([24])19
b(G.)14 b(Grottling)g(\(1986\))g(:)19 b Fm(The)d(Swe)n(dish)f(r)n(ating)h
(list.)d Fp(ICCA)i(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(9,)g(No)388 2140 y(1,)f(pp)h(56.)303
2220 y([25])19 b(J.)i(Hamlen)e(\(1989\))g(:)32 b Fm(T)m(r)n(e)n(e)19
b(Se)n(ar)n(ching)j(A)o(lgorithms)e(and)h(Computer)g(Chess.)388
2270 y Fp(M.Sc.)14 b(Thesis,)g(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)f(London.)303
2350 y([26])19 b(L.)12 b(R.)f(Harris)i(\(1977\))e(:)17 b Fm(The)d(Heuristic)e
(Se)n(ar)n(ch)h(:)18 b(A)o(n)c(alternative)f(to)g(the)g(alpha-)388
2399 y(b)n(eta)19 b(minimax)f(pr)n(o)n(c)n(e)n(dur)n(e.)f Fp(Chess)i(Skill)d
(in)h(Man)h(and)f(Mac)o(hine.)h(P)m(.)f(W.)f(F)m(rey)388 2449
y(\(ed\),)f(pp)e(157-166,)f(Springer{V)m(erlag,)h(New)i(Y)m(ork.)946
2574 y(171)p eop
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172 173 bop 303 307 a Fp([27])19 b(D.)d(Hartmann)g(\(1989\))g(:)24
b Fm(Notions)17 b(of)h(Evaluation)g(F)m(unctions)g(T)m(este)n(d)f(against)388
357 y(Gr)n(andmaster)g(Games.)f Fp(Adv)n(ances)h(in)f(Computer)f(Chess)i(5,)f
(D.)f(F.)h(Beal)g(\(ed\),)388 407 y(pp)e(91-141,)e(Elsevier)j(Science)g
(Publishers)g(B.V.,)e(North)h(Holland.)303 487 y([28])19 b(E.)c(Hearst)i
(\(1977\))d(:)21 b Fm(Man)c(and)g(Machine)g(:)k(Chess)16 b(A)n(chievements)h
(and)g(Chess)388 536 y(Thinking.)f Fp(Chess)h(Skill)d(in)h(Man)g(and)h(Mac)o
(hine.)f(P)m(.)g(W.)f(F)m(rey)i(\(ed\),)g(Springer{)388 586
y(V)m(erlag,)d(New)i(Y)m(ork.)303 666 y([29])k(R.)14 b(M.)g(Hy)o(att)g
(\(1983\))f(:)19 b Fm(Cr)n(ay)c(Blitz)g(-)g(A)g(Computer)g(Chess)g(Playing)h
(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am.)388 716 y Fp(M.Sc.)e(Thesis.)303 795 y([30])19
b(R.)12 b(M.)g(Hy)o(att)h(\(1984\))f(:)17 b Fm(Using)d(Time)f(Wisely.)f
Fp(ICCA)h(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(7)g(No)g(1,)h(pp)388 845 y(4-9.)303
925 y([31])19 b(R.)10 b(M.)f(Hy)o(att,)i(A.)e(E.)h(Go)o(w)o(er)g(and)g(H.)g
(L.)g(Nelson)g(\(1984\))g(:)16 b Fm(Cr)n(ay)11 b(Blitz.)e Fp(Adv)n(ances)388
975 y(in)j(Computer)f(Chess)i(4,)e(D.)g(F.)h(Beal)g(\(ed\),)g(pp)g(8-18,)f(P)
o(ergamon)g(Press,)i(Oxford.)303 1054 y([32])19 b(B.)11 b(M.)f(Kazic)i
(\(1980\))e(:)16 b Fm(The)c(Chess)g(Comp)n(etitor's)f(Handb)n(o)n(ok.)h
Fp(Batsford)f(Bo)q(oks,)388 1104 y(London.)303 1184 y([33])19
b(D.)9 b(E.)h(Kn)o(uth)g(and)f(R.)g(W.)f(Mo)q(ore)i(\(1975\))f(:)16
b Fm(A)o(n)11 b(analysis)g(of)g(alpha-b)n(eta)g(pruning.)388
1234 y Fp(Arti\014cial)j(In)o(telligence,)f(V)m(ol)g(6)h(No)f(4,)g(pp)h
(293-326.)303 1313 y([34])19 b(D.)11 b(Kop)q(ec,)h(M.)e(Newb)q(orn)i(and)f
(W.)f(Y)m(u)h(\(1986\))f(:)17 b Fm(Exp)n(eriments)12 b(in)h(Chess)f(Co)n
(gni-)388 1363 y(tion.)d Fp(Adv)n(ances)i(in)e(Computer)f(Chess)j(4,)e(D.)g
(F.)g(Beal)g(\(ed\),)i(pp)e(59-79.)f(P)o(ergamon)388 1413 y(Press,)15
b(Oxford.)303 1493 y([35])k(A.)e(Kotok)h(\(1962\))e(:)25 b
Fm(A)18 b(Chess)h(Playing)f(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am)f(for)h(the)g(IBM)h(7090.)f
Fp(B.Sc.)388 1543 y(Thesis,)c(MIT.)303 1622 y([36])19 b(D.)13
b(Levy)h(\(1976\))g(:)k Fm(Chess)c(and)i(Computers.)d Fp(Batsford)i(Bo)q
(oks,)e(London.)303 1702 y([37])19 b(D.)c(Levy)h(\(1979\))g(:)22
b Fm(Chess)16 b(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(amming.)f Fp(P)o(ersonal)h(Computer)f(W)m
(orld,)g(Ma)o(y)388 1752 y(1979,)e(pp)h(25-27.)303 1831 y([38])19
b(D.)12 b(Levy)m(,)g(D.)f(Brough)o(ton,)h(M.)g(T)m(a)o(ylor)f(\(1989\))h(:)17
b Fm(The)c(SEX)h(A)o(lgorithm)e(in)i(Com-)388 1881 y(puter)h(Chess.)f
Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)f(12)i(No)g(1,)f(pp)h(10-21.)303
1961 y([39])19 b(T.)f(A.)f(Marsland)h(\(1985\))f(:)26 b Fm(Evaluation)19
b(F)m(unction)g(F)m(actors.)e Fp(ICCA)h(Journal,)388 2011 y(V)m(ol)13
b(8)h(No)f(2,)h(pp)g(47-57.)303 2090 y([40])19 b(T.)10 b(A.)f(Marsland)h
(\(1986\))f(:)16 b Fm(A)c(R)n(eview)f(of)g(Game-T)m(r)n(e)n(e)f(Pruning.)g
Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)388 2140 y(V)m(ol)j(9)h(No)f(1,)h(pp)g(3-19.)303
2220 y([41])19 b(T.)10 b(A.)f(Marsland)g(\(1990\))g(:)16 b
Fm(The)11 b(Br)n(atko-Kop)n(e)n(c)g(T)m(est)g(R)n(evisite)n(d.)e
Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)388 2270 y(V)m(ol)k(13,)g(No)h(1,)f(pp)h(15-19.)303
2350 y([42])19 b(A.)12 b(New)o(ell,)f(J.)h(C.)f(Sha)o(w)g(and)h(H.)f(A.)h
(Simon)d(\(1958\))i(:)17 b Fm(Chess)c(Playing)g(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(ams)388
2399 y(and)k(the)e(Pr)n(oblem)h(of)f(Complexity.)f Fp(IBM)h(Journal)g(of)f
(Researc)o(h)i(and)e(Dev)o(elop-)388 2449 y(men)o(t,)f(Oct)i(1958,)d(pp)i
(320-335.)946 2574 y(172)p eop
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173 174 bop 303 307 a Fp([43])19 b(A.)13 b(Nimzo)o(witsc)o(h)f(\(1929\))g(:)
18 b Fm(My)c(System.)f Fp(Mo)q(dern)h(Chess)g(Masterpieces,)h(Bats-)388
357 y(ford)f(Bo)q(oks,)g(London.)303 440 y([44])19 b(A.)11
b(Nimzo)o(witsc)o(h)f(\(1936\))g(:)17 b Fm(Chess)12 b(Pr)n(axis.)f
Fp(Batsford)g(Chess)i(Classics,)e(Batsford)388 490 y(Bo)q(oks,)j(London.)303
573 y([45])19 b(T.)c(Nitsc)o(he)h(\(1982\))e(:)20 b Fm(A)c(L)n(e)n(arning)f
(Chess)h(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am.)e Fp(Adv)n(ances)i(in)e(Computer)388
623 y(Chess)h(3,)f(M.)f(Clark)o(e)h(\(ed\),)g(pp)g(113-120.)d(P)o(ergamon)i
(Press,)i(Oxford.)303 706 y([46])k(A.)f(Reinefeld)f(\(1983\))g(:)25
b Fm(A)o(n)18 b(Impr)n(ovement)h(of)f(the)g(Sc)n(out)h(T)m(r)n(e)n(e-Se)n(ar)
n(ch)e(A)o(lgo-)388 756 y(rithm.)c Fp(ICCA)h(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(6)h(No)f(4,)
g(pp)h(4-14.)303 839 y([47])19 b(F.)14 b(Rein\014eld)f(\(1945\))h(:)j
Fm(Win)f(A)o(t)e(Chess.)g Fp(Do)o(v)o(er)f(Bo)q(oks.)303 922
y([48])19 b(A.)h(L.)e(Sam)o(uels)h(\(1959\))f(:)30 b Fm(Some)20
b(Studies)h(in)f(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)f(using)h(the)388
971 y(Game)f(of)f(Che)n(ckers.)e Fp(IBM)i(Journal)f(of)g(Researc)o(h)h(and)f
(Dev)o(elopmen)o(t,)g(3,)h(pp)388 1021 y(211-229.)303 1104
y([49])g(A.)h(L.)e(Sam)o(uels)h(\(1967\))f(:)30 b Fm(Some)20
b(Studies)h(in)f(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)f(using)h(the)388
1154 y(Game)d(of)f(Che)n(ckers,)g(II)g(-)g(R)n(e)n(c)n(ent)g(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n
(ess.)e Fp(IBM)i(Journal)f(of)f(Researc)o(h)j(and)388 1204
y(Dev)o(elopmen)o(t,)13 b(V)m(ol)f(2)i(No)g(6,)f(pp)h(601-617.)303
1287 y([50])19 b(J.)14 b(Sc)o(hae\013er)h(\(1983\))e(:)18 b
Fm(The)d(History)f(Heuristic.)f Fp(ICCA)h(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(6,)g(No)g(3,)
388 1337 y(pp)h(16-19.)303 1420 y([51])19 b(J.)12 b(Sc)o(hae\013er)h
(\(1984\))e(:)17 b Fm(The)c(R)n(elative)f(Imp)n(ortanc)n(e)h(of)g(Know)r(le)n
(dge.)f Fp(ICCA)f(Jour-)388 1469 y(nal,)i(V)m(ol)g(7)g(No)h(3,)f(pp)h
(138-145.)303 1553 y([52])19 b(G.)14 b(Sc)o(hrufer)i(\(1989\))e(:)20
b Fm(A)15 b(Str)n(ate)n(gic)g(Quiesc)n(enc)n(e)h(Se)n(ar)n(ch.)f
Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)388 1602 y(12)g(No)f(1,)h(pp)g(3-9.)303
1685 y([53])19 b(C.)f(E.)g(Shannon)g(\(1950\))g(:)27 b Fm(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n
(amming)18 b(a)i(Computer)e(for)h(Playing)g(Chess.)388 1735
y Fp(Philosophical)13 b(Mag,)g(V)m(ol)g(41,)f(pp)i(256-275.)303
1818 y([54])19 b(A.)12 b(Shapiro)f(and)g(T.)g(Niblett)h(\(1982\))f(:)17
b Fm(A)o(utomatic)12 b(Induction)i(of)f(Classi\014c)n(ation)388
1868 y(R)o(ules)j(for)e(a)i(Chess)f(Endgame.)g Fp(Adv)n(ances)g(in)f
(Computer)f(Chess)j(3,)d(M.)h(Clark)o(e)388 1918 y(\(ed\),)h(pp)e(73-91.)g(P)
o(ergamon)f(Press,)j(Oxford.)303 2001 y([55])k(H.)14 b(A.)f(Simon)f(and)i(K.)
f(A.)h(Gilmartin)d(\(1973\))i(:)18 b Fm(A)c(Simulation)h(of)g(Memory)g(for)
388 2051 y(Chess)g(Positions.)f Fp(Cognitiv)o(e)f(Psyc)o(hology)m(,)f(5,)h
(pp)h(29-46.)303 2134 y([56])19 b(H.)10 b(A.)f(Simon)f(and)h(W.)g(G.)g(Chase)
i(\(1973\))e(:)15 b Fm(Skil)r(l)c(in)g(Chess.)f Fp(American)f(Scien)o(tist,)
388 2183 y(61,)k(pp)h(394-403.)303 2267 y([57])19 b(S.)f(S.)f(Skiena)h
(\(1986\))g(:)26 b Fm(A)o(n)19 b(Overview)e(of)i(Machine)g(L)n(e)n(arning)g
(in)g(Computer)388 2316 y(Chess.)14 b Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(9)g(No)h
(1,)f(pp)h(20-27.)303 2399 y([58])19 b(D.)c(J.)g(Slate)g(\(1987\))g(:)21
b Fm(A)16 b(Chess)g(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am)f(that)h(uses)h(its)e(T)m(r)n(ansp)n
(osition)h(T)m(able)388 2449 y(to)f(L)n(e)n(arn)g(fr)n(om)f(Exp)n(erienc)n
(e.)g Fp(ICCA)g(Journal,)f(V)m(ol)g(10)g(No)h(2,)f(pp)h(59-71.)946
2574 y(173)p eop
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174 175 bop 303 307 a Fp([59])19 b(E.)i(Slater)g(\(1950\))f(:)32
b Fm(Statistics)20 b(for)h(the)g(Chess)h(Computer)f(and)h(the)f(F)m(actor)388
357 y(of)e(Mobility.)d Fp(Symp)q(osium)f(on)i(Information)e(Theory)m(,)j
(London)f(:)26 b(Ministry)17 b(of)388 407 y(Supply)m(,)c(pp)h(150-152.)303
490 y([60])19 b(A.)11 b(M.)h(T)m(uring)e(\(1950\))h(:)17 b
Fm(Computing)c(Machinery)g(and)g(Intel)r(ligenc)n(e.)f Fp(Mind,)f(V)m(ol)388
540 y(59,)i(pp)h(433-460.)303 623 y([61])19 b(D.)g(E.)f(Wilkins)g(\(1980\))g
(:)28 b Fm(Using)20 b(Patterns)f(and)h(Plans)g(in)g(Chess.)e
Fp(Arti\014cial)388 672 y(In)o(telligence,)c(V)m(ol)f(14,)g(No)g(1,)h(pp)f
(165-203.)303 756 y([62])19 b(B.)14 b(H.)g(W)m(o)q(o)q(d)e(\(1986\))i(:)k
Fm(The)c(World)h(Chess)g(Championship.)f Fp(Chess)h(Magazine,)388
805 y(B.)f(H.)g(W)m(o)q(o)q(d)f(\(ed\),)h(August)g(-)g(No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)f
(86,)g(V)m(ol)g(51,)f(Nos)j(987-994.)303 888 y([63])k(A.)f(L.)e(Zobrist)i
(\(1970\))f(:)25 b Fm(A)19 b(Hashing)f(Metho)n(d)h(with)f(Applic)n(ations)g
(for)f(Game)388 938 y(Playing.)d Fp(T)m(ec)o(hnical)f(rep)q(ort)i(88,)e
(Computer)g(Sciences)i(Dept,)f(Univ)f(of)g(Wiscon-)388 988
y(sin,)h(Madison)f(WI,)g(April)g(1970.)303 1071 y([64])19 b(A.L.)f(Zobrist)h
(and)f(F.)h(R.)e(Carlson,)i(Jr)g(\(1973\))f(:)27 b Fm(A)o(n)19
b(A)n(dvic)n(e{T)m(aking)h(Chess)388 1121 y(Computer.)14 b
Fp(Scien)o(ti\014c)g(American,)f(228,)f(pp)i(92-105.)946 2574
y(174)p eop
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175 176 bop 262 654 a Fn(App)s(endix)33 b(A)262 897 y Fo(Glossary)321
1120 y Fl(ABF)254 b(A)p Fp(v)o(erage)14 b Fl(B)p Fp(ranc)o(hing)g
Fl(F)p Fp(actor.)321 1220 y Fl(AI)300 b Fp(Arti\014cial)13
b(In)o(telligence.)321 1320 y Fl(ELO)258 b Fp(A)14 b(c)o(hess)h(rating)f
(system)f(used)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(w)o(orld)f(c)o(hess)j(federation.)321
1419 y Fl(en-prise)187 b Fp(A)14 b(piece)h(is)e Fm(en-prise)h
Fp(if)f(it)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(pro\014tably)g(captured.)321 1519
y Fl(HIAR)o(CS)167 b(H)p Fp(igher)14 b Fl(I)p Fp(n)o(telligence)g
Fl(A)p Fp(uto)g Fl(R)p Fp(esp)q(onse)i Fl(C)p Fp(hess)f Fl(S)p
Fp(ystem.)321 1619 y Fl(ply)288 b Fp(One)15 b(half)d(mo)o(v)o(e)h(e.g.)k(a)d
(mo)o(v)o(e)e(for)i(white.)321 1718 y Fl(P)o(osition)o(al)e(Pla)o(y)39
b Fp(The)14 b(mano)q(euv)o(ering)f(of)g(pieces)i(to)f(b)q(etter)h(squares.)
321 1818 y Fl(Pc/Sq)g(table)104 b Fp(Piece)15 b(Square)f(T)m(able.)321
1918 y Fl(PVS)258 b(P)p Fp(rinciple)13 b Fl(V)p Fp(ariation)g
Fl(S)p Fp(earc)o(h.)321 2017 y Fl(T)l(actical)i(Pla)o(y)81
b Fp(Sequence)16 b(of)d(threat)i(and)e(capture)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g(mo)o(v)o(es.)
321 2117 y Fl(T)l(emp)q(o)211 b Fp(A)14 b(single)f(mo)o(v)o(e)g(as)h(a)f
(unit)h(of)f(time)g(in)g(c)o(hess,)i(e.g.)j(the)c(loss)g(of)f(a)h(temp)q(o)
675 2167 y(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(caused)h(b)o(y)f(taking)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(mo)o(v)o
(es)e(to)i(accomplish)e(something)675 2216 y(whic)o(h)i(could)f(b)q(e)i(ac)o
(hiev)o(ed)f(in)f(one)i(mo)o(v)o(e.)321 2316 y Fl(USCF)226
b(U)p Fp(nited)14 b Fl(S)p Fp(tates)g Fl(C)p Fp(hess)i Fl(F)p
Fp(ederation)e(rating)f(system.)18 b(Ratings)675 2366 y(on)c(this)g(scale)g
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2416 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(ELO)h(rating,)f(e.g.)18 b(2100)13
b(USCF)h Ff(\031)g Fp(2000)f(ELO.)946 2574 y(175)p eop
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176 177 bop 262 654 a Fn(App)s(endix)33 b(B)262 897 y Fo(Pseudo)40
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1408 y Fl(Example)p 262 1423 182 2 v 262 1512 a Ft(P)o(assed\(col,sq\))262
1612 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1626 241 2 v 321 1713 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g
(if)f(there)i(do)q(es)g(not)f(exist)g(an)f(enem)o(y)h(pa)o(wn)f(on)h(the)g
(same)f(or)h(adjacen)o(t)321 1762 y(\014le,)f(whic)o(h)h(can)g(hinder)g(the)h
(pa)o(wns)f(adv)n(ance)f(to)h(the)h(promotion)c(square.)946
2574 y(191)p eop
%%Page: 192 194
192 193 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(P)n(a)n(wnHole)19 b(:)25 b(Colour)18 b(x)h(Square)f Ft(=)-8
b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182
2 v 262 660 a Ft(P)o(a)o(wnHole\(col,sq\))262 759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f(square)i
Fm(sq)f Fp(cannot)g(ev)o(er)g(b)q(e)h(attac)o(k)o(ed)f(b)o(y)g(pa)o(wns)g(of)
f(colour)h Fm(c)n(ol)p Fp(.)321 910 y(Otherwise)h(F)-5 b(ALSE.)262
1259 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 1266 309 2 v 262 1359 a(P)n(a)n(wnLev)n(er)19
b(:)24 b(File)18 b(x)g(Colour)h Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262
1458 y Fl(Example)p 262 1473 182 2 v 262 1562 a Ft(P)o(a)o(wnLev)o
(er\(f,col\))262 1661 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1676 241 2
v 321 1762 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f(a)h(pa)o(wn)f(of)g(colour)h
Fm(c)n(ol)g Fp(can)g(b)q(e)g(a)g(pa)o(wn)f(lev)o(er)i(on)e(\014le)h
Fm(f)g Fp(and)321 1812 y(incur)g(no)f(enem)o(y)h(pa)o(wn)f(blo)q(c)o(k)n(ade)
h(b)q(efore)g(the)h(pa)o(wn)e(lev)o(erage)i(square.)321 1862
y(Otherwise)g(F)-5 b(ALSE.)946 2574 y(192)p eop
%%Page: 193 195
193 194 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a Fs(])p Fu(P)n(a)n(wns)20 b(:)25 b Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(In)n(teger)262
556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182 2 v 262 657 a Fs(])p Ft(P)o(a)o(wns)262
757 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 772 241 2 v 321 858 a Fp(Returns)c(the)h(n)o
(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(pa)o(wns)h(curren)o(tly)h(on)f(the)g(b)q(oard.)262
1207 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 1214 309 2 v 262 1306 a(Pin)k(:)25
b(Colour)18 b(x)h(Square)f(x)g(Square)g(x)h(Square)f Ft(=)-8
b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 1406 y Fl(Example)p 262 1421
182 2 v 262 1509 a Ft(Pin\(col,sq1,sq2,sq3\))262 1609 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 1624 241 2 v 321 1710 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f(a)h(piece)g(of)g
(colour)f Fm(c)n(ol)h Fp(on)g(square)g Fm(sq1)g Fp(pins)g(a)g(piece)h(of)321
1760 y(colour)e(OPP\(col\))i(on)f(square)g Fm(sq2)g Fp(against)g(a)f(piece)i
(also)e(of)g(colour)h(Opp\(col\))321 1810 y(on)f(square)i Fm(sq3)p
Fp(.)380 1860 y(where)131 b(On\(sq1\))14 b Ff(2)g Fp([Bishop,Ro)q(ok,Queen])e
Fl(and)616 1909 y Fp(On\(sq2\))i Ff(2)g Fp([Knigh)o(t,Bishop,Ro)q(ok,Queen])e
Fl(and)616 1959 y Fp(On\(sq3\))i Ff(2)g Fp([Knigh)o(t,Bishop,Ro)q
(ok,Queen,King].)946 2574 y(193)p eop
%%Page: 194 196
194 195 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(P)n(oten)n(tialChec)n(k)18 b(:)25 b(Colour)18 b(x)h(Square)f(x)g(Square)g
Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 556 y Fl(Example)p 262
571 182 2 v 262 660 a Ft(P)o(oten)o(tialChec)o(k\(col,sq1,sq2\))262
759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g
(if)f(a)h(piece)g(of)g(colour)f Fm(c)n(ol)h Fp(on)g(square)g
Fm(sq1)g Fp(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(to)g(square)i Fm(sq2)321 910
y Fp(and)e(giv)o(e)h(c)o(hec)o(k.)262 1259 y Fu(FUNCTION)p
262 1266 309 2 v 262 1359 a(QCRigh)n(ts)19 b(:)24 b(Colour)19
b Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 1458 y Fl(Example)p
262 1473 182 2 v 262 1562 a Ft(QCRigh)o(ts\(col\))262 1661
y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1676 241 2 v 321 1762 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f
(queen)i(side)f(castling)f(righ)o(ts)h(for)g(colour)f Fm(c)n(ol)h
Fp(are)g(in)o(tact.)321 1812 y(Otherwise)h(F)-5 b(ALSE.)946
2574 y(194)p eop
%%Page: 195 197
195 196 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a Fs(])p Fu(SafeBlo)r(c)n(ks)17 b(:)25 b(Colour)19 b(x)f(Square)g(x)g(Square)
g Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))19 b Fu(In)n(teger)262 556 y Fl(Example)p
262 571 182 2 v 262 660 a Fs(])p Ft(SafeBlo)q(c)o(ks\(col,sq1,sq2\))262
759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)14
b(the)h(sum)e(of)g(:)380 910 y Fh(])p Fp(Di\013A)o(ttac)o(ks\(col,)p
Fh(sq)719 916 y Fe(n)741 910 y Fp(\))321 960 y(if)g(and)g(only)g(if)g(\()p
Fh(])p Fp(Di\013A)o(ttac)o(ks\(col,)p Fh(sq)923 966 y Fe(n)946
960 y Fp(\))h Fh(>)g Fp(1\))g(and)f(where)i Fh(sq)1311 966
y Fe(n)1348 960 y Fp(is)f(ev)o(ery)g(square)321 1010 y(on)f(a)h(piece)h(mo)o
(v)o(emen)o(t)c(direction)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h Fm(sq1)f Fp(and)g
Fm(sq2)g Fp(inclusiv)o(e.)262 1359 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 1366
309 2 v 262 1458 a(SameDiagonal)j(:)24 b(Square)18 b(x)h(Square)f
Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 1558 y Fl(Example)p
262 1573 182 2 v 262 1661 a Ft(SameDiagonal\(sq1,sq2\))262
1761 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1776 241 2 v 321 1862 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g
(if)f(squares)i Fm(sq1)f Fp(and)g Fm(sq2)g Fp(are)g(on)g(the)g(same)f
(diagonal.)321 1912 y(Otherwise)i(F)-5 b(ALSE.)946 2574 y(195)p
eop
%%Page: 196 198
196 197 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(SemiOp)r(en)16 b(:)24 b(Colour)19 b(x)f(File)g Ft(=)-8 b
Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182
2 v 262 660 a Ft(SemiOp)q(en\(col,f)s(\))262 759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f(there)i(are)f(no)g(pa)o
(wns)g(of)f(colour)h Fm(c)n(ol)g Fp(on)f(\014le)h Fm(f)p Fp(.)321
910 y(Otherwise)h(F)-5 b(ALSE.)262 1259 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262
1266 309 2 v 262 1359 a(Side)18 b(:)24 b(Square)18 b Ft(=)-8
b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Colour)262 1458 y Fl(Example)p 262 1473 182
2 v 262 1562 a Ft(Side\(sq\))262 1661 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 1676 241 2 v 321 1762 a Fp(Returns)c(the)h(colour)e(whose)i(territory)f
(square)h Fm(sq)f Fp(is)g(in.)321 1812 y(Where)g(eac)o(h)h(colour's)e
(territory)i(is)f(de\014ned)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(within)e(its)h(\014rst)g(4)g
(ranks.)946 2574 y(196)p eop
%%Page: 197 199
197 198 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(SqColour)18 b(:)24 b(Square)19 b Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Colour)262
556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182 2 v 262 660 a Ft(SqColour\(sq\))262
759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(the)h
(colour)e(of)h(the)g(square)h Fm(sq)p Fp(.)262 1209 y Fu(FUNCTION)p
262 1216 309 2 v 262 1309 a(T)-5 b(axicab)18 b(:)25 b(Square)18
b(x)g(Square)g Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(In)n(teger)262 1408
y Fl(Example)p 262 1423 182 2 v 262 1512 a Ft(T)l(axicab\(sq1,sq2\))262
1612 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1626 241 2 v 321 1713 a Fp(Returns)c(:)321
1762 y(\()p Ff(j)f Fp(OnRank\(white,)p Fm(sq1)p Fp(\))h(-)f(OnRank\(white,)p
Fm(sq2)p Fp(\))h Ff(j)g Fp(+)g Ff(j)f Fp(OnFile\()p Fm(sq1)p
Fp(\))h(-)g(OnFile\()p Fm(sq2)p Fp(\))g Ff(j)p Fp(\))946 2574
y(197)p eop
%%Page: 198 200
198 199 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(T)-5 b(rapp)r(ed)18 b(:)25 b(Colour)18 b(x)h(Square)f Ft(=)-8
b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182
2 v 262 660 a Ft(T)l(rapp)q(ed\(col,sq\))262 759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(TR)o(UE)g(if)f(ev)o(ery)i(square,)f
Fm(sq2)p Fp(,)f(a)h(piece)h(on)e(square)i Fm(sq)f Fp(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(to,)i
(meets)f(the)321 910 y(follo)o(wing)e(condition)i(:)380 960
y(Con)o(trol\(sq2\))g(=)h(Opp\(col\))321 1010 y(Otherwise)h(F)-5
b(ALSE.)262 1359 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 1366 309 2 v 262 1458
a Fs(])p Fu(UnMo)n(v)n(ed)19 b(:)24 b(Colour)19 b(x)f(Piece)g
Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(In)n(teger)262 1558 y Fl(Example)p
262 1573 182 2 v 262 1661 a Fs(])p Ft(UnMo)o(v)o(ed\(col,p)q(c\))262
1761 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 1776 241 2 v 321 1862 a Fp(Returns)c(the)h(n)o
(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(pieces)i(of)f(colour)f Fm(c)n(ol)h Fp(and)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g
Fm(p)n(c)g Fp(whic)o(h)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(nev)o(er)g(mo)o(v)o(ed.)946
2574 y(198)p eop
%%Page: 199 201
199 200 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(V)-5 b(alue)18 b(:)25 b(Square)18 b Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b
Fu(In)n(teger)262 556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182 2 v 262 660
a Ft(V)l(alue\(sq\))262 759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 774 241
2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(a)g(v)n(alue)f(for)h(the)g(piece)h(on)f(square)g
Fm(sq)g Fp(regardless)h(of)f(colour.)321 910 y(De\014ned)g(b)o(y)g(:)380
960 y(P)o(a)o(wn)77 b(=)14 b(1)380 1010 y(Knigh)o(t)51 b(=)14
b(3)380 1060 y(Bishop)53 b(=)14 b(3)380 1110 y(Ro)q(ok)81 b(=)14
b(5)380 1159 y(Queen)63 b(=)14 b(9)380 1209 y(King)89 b(=)14
b(14)262 1508 y Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 1515 309 2 v 262 1608 a(W)-5
b(eak)18 b(:)24 b(Colour)19 b(x)f(Square)h Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18
b Fu(Bo)r(olean)262 1707 y Fl(Example)p 262 1722 182 2 v 262
1811 a Ft(W)l(eak\(col,sq\))262 1910 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p
262 1925 241 2 v 321 2012 a Fp(Returns)c(:)380 2061 y Fl(not)e
Fp(\()79 b(A)o(ttac)o(k)o(ed\([P)o(a)o(wn],col,sq\))12 b Fl(or)557
2111 y Fp(A)o(ttac)o(k)o(ed\([P)o(a)o(wn],col,)p Fh(sq)972
2117 y Fe(inf)s(r)q(ont)1090 2111 y Fp(\))i Fl(or)557 2161
y Fp(A)o(ttac)o(k)o(ed\([P)o(a)o(wn],col,)p Fh(sq)972 2167
y Fe(behind)1072 2161 y Fp(\))f(\).)946 2574 y(199)p eop
%%Page: 200 202
200 201 bop 262 357 a Fu(FUNCTION)p 262 364 309 2 v 262 457
a(Wing)18 b(:)24 b(Square)19 b Ft(=)-8 b Fa(\))18 b Fu(Flank)262
556 y Fl(Example)p 262 571 182 2 v 262 660 a Ft(Wing\(sq\))262
759 y Fl(Descripti)o(on)p 262 774 241 2 v 321 860 a Fp(Returns)c(the)h
(\015ank)e(the)i(square)g Fm(sq)e Fp(is)h(on.)946 2574 y(200)p
eop
%%Page: 201 203
201 202 bop 324 307 a Fp(Pre{De\014ned)15 b(t)o(yp)q(es)g(are)f(as)g(follo)o
(ws)e(:)321 475 y(Bo)q(olean)90 b(:)18 b(TR)o(UE)13 b Ff(j)h
Fp(F)-5 b(ALSE)321 525 y(Colour)113 b(:)18 b(White)13 b Ff(j)h
Fp(Blac)o(k)321 575 y(Con)o(troller)52 b(:)18 b(White)13 b
Ff(j)h Fp(Blac)o(k)g Ff(j)f Fp(None)321 625 y(File)167 b(:)18
b(Cardinal)13 b(Range)g(1)h(to)f(8)321 675 y(Flank)131 b(:)18
b(QueenSide)d Ff(j)e Fp(KingSide)321 725 y(In)o(teger)110 b(:)18
b(In)o(teger)d(Range)321 774 y(Piece)142 b(:)18 b(P)o(a)o(wn)13
b Ff(j)h Fp(Knigh)o(t)f Ff(j)h Fp(Bishop)g Ff(j)f Fp(Ro)q(ok)g
Ff(j)g Fp(Queen)i Ff(j)f Fp(King)f Ff(j)h Fp(An)o(y)321 824
y(PieceList)72 b(:)18 b(Set)c(of)g(Piece)321 874 y(Rank)139
b(:)18 b(Cardinal)13 b(Range)g(1)h(to)f(8)321 924 y(Square)113
b(:)18 b(Cardinal)13 b(Range)g(1)h(to)f(64)321 1023 y(Note:)18
b(An)o(y)c(is)g(a)f('wild)g(card')h(piece.)946 2574 y(201)p
eop
%%Page: 202 204
202 203 bop 262 654 a Fn(App)s(endix)33 b(C)262 897 y Fo(Time)40
b(Allo)s(catio)q(n)i(Graphs)262 1148 y Fp(This)13 b(app)q(endix)g(con)o
(tains)g(the)g(time)f(allo)q(cation)g(graphs)h(for)g(Kasparo)o(v)g(and)g
(Karp)q(o)o(v)g(in)262 1198 y(their)h(1986)f(w)o(orld)g(c)o(hampionship)f
(matc)o(h.)946 2574 y(202)p eop
%%Page: 203 205
203 204 bop 526 2156 a Fp(Figure)14 b(C.1:)j(Time)c(Allo)q(cation,)f(Kasparo)
o(v)i(as)g(White.)946 2574 y(203)p eop
%%Page: 204 206
204 205 bop 532 2156 a Fp(Figure)14 b(C.2:)j(Time)12 b(Allo)q(cation,)g
(Kasparo)o(v)i(as)g(Blac)o(k.)946 2574 y(204)p eop
%%Page: 205 207
205 206 bop 544 2156 a Fp(Figure)14 b(C.3:)j(Time)c(Allo)q(cation,)f(Karp)q
(o)o(v)i(as)g(White.)946 2574 y(205)p eop
%%Page: 206 208
206 207 bop 550 2156 a Fp(Figure)14 b(C.4:)j(Time)12 b(Allo)q(cation,)g(Karp)
q(o)o(v)i(as)g(Blac)o(k.)946 2574 y(206)p eop
%%Page: 207 209
207 208 bop 401 2156 a Fp(Figure)14 b(C.5:)j(Time)c(Allo)q(cation,)f(Kasparo)
o(v)i(and)f(Karp)q(o)o(v)h(Com)o(bined.)946 2574 y(207)p eop
%%Page: 208 210
208 209 bop 262 654 a Fn(App)s(endix)33 b(D)262 897 y Fo(Bratk)m(o-Kop)s(ec)
40 b(T)-10 b(est)262 1021 y(P)m(ositions)946 2574 y Fp(208)p
eop
%%Page: 209 211
209 210 bop 641 301 673 5 v 641 965 5 665 v 646 384 a Fg(0j0s0Z0Z)646
467 y(opZbZRZ0)646 550 y(0Z0l0Zpo)646 633 y(Z0Z0o0Z0)646 716
y(0ZBZ0Z0Z)646 799 y(Z0Z0L0Z0)646 882 y(POPZ0A0Z)646 965 y(Z0J0Z0Z0)p
1310 965 V 641 969 673 5 v 423 1087 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(1)e(\(T\):)h
Fm(A)o(ndersson)h(v)g(Knuttson)p Fp(,)f(Blac)o(k)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(Qd1+)p Fp(.)p 641 1450 V 641 2114 5 665 v 646 1533
a Fg(0Z0s0j0Z)646 1616 y(Z0Z0mpo0)646 1699 y(0ops0Z0o)646 1782
y(o0Z0Z0ZP)646 1865 y(PZ0OPOPZ)646 1948 y(ZNS0Z0Z0)646 2031
y(0Z0Z0J0Z)646 2114 y(Z0S0Z0Z0)p 1310 2114 V 641 2118 673 5
v 467 2237 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(2)g(\(L\):)f Fm(Bo)n(golyub)n(ow)j(v)f
(Spielmann)p Fp(,)f(White)f(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(d5)p Fp(.)946
2574 y(209)p eop
%%Page: 210 212
210 211 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0ZqZrs0j)646
482 y(Z0Zbanmp)646 565 y(pZ0o0opZ)646 648 y(Z0oPo0Z0)646 731
y(PoPZPZPZ)646 814 y(ZPZ0ANMP)646 897 y(0ZBL0ORJ)646 980 y(Z0Z0Z0ZR)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 500 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(3)g(\(L\):)g
Fm(Evans)h(v)g(R)n(ossolimo)p Fp(,)f(Blac)o(k)f(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(f5)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548
a Fg(rmblka0s)646 1631 y(o0Z0opop)646 1714 y(0o0Z0Z0Z)646 1797
y(Z0opO0Z0)646 1880 y(0Z0M0Z0Z)646 1963 y(Z0O0Z0Z0)646 2046
y(POPZQOPO)646 2129 y(S0A0JBZR)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5
v 511 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(4)g(\(L\):)g Fm(Spielmann)h(v)g(Walter)p
Fp(,)e(White)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(e6)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(210)p
eop
%%Page: 211 213
211 212 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(rZbZ0skZ)646
482 y(Z0l0a0op)646 565 y(pZ0opm0Z)646 648 y(ZpZ0Z0Z0)646 731
y(0Z0LPZ0Z)646 814 y(ZBM0A0Z0)646 897 y(POPZ0ZPO)646 980 y(S0Z0ZRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 492 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(5)g(\(T\):)f
Fm(R)n(o)n(golewicz)i(v)g(Jar)n(e)n(cz)p Fp(,)e(White)g(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(Nd5)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(0ZrZ0ZkZ)646
1631 y(opoRZpo0)646 1714 y(0Z0ZpZ0Z)646 1797 y(Z0Z0O0O0)646
1880 y(0Z0Z0O0Z)646 1963 y(ZPZ0Z0J0)646 2046 y(PZPZ0Z0Z)646
2129 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 552 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(6)g
(\(L\):)f Fm(Pachman)j(D222)p Fp(,)f(White)e(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(g6)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(211)p eop
%%Page: 212 214
212 213 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0mkZrZrZ)646
482 y(opZ0m0op)646 565 y(0Z0ZpZ0Z)646 648 y(l0ZpOpZN)646 731
y(bZpO0O0Z)646 814 y(A0O0ZRZ0)646 897 y(0ZPZBZPO)646 980 y(S0ZQZ0J0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 524 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(7)g(\(T\):)f
Fm(Golyak)j(v)e(Gaiduk)p Fp(,)g(White)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(Nf6)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(0Z0ZbZ0Z)646
1631 y(o0Z0jpZ0)646 1714 y(0Z0Z0ZpZ)646 1797 y(Z0ZpO0Zp)646
1880 y(0ZpO0O0Z)646 1963 y(Z0Z0J0O0)646 2046 y(PZ0ZNZ0O)646
2129 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 544 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(8)g
(\(L\):)g Fm(A)o(lekhine)g(v)h(Y)m(ates)p Fp(,)e(White)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(f5)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(212)p eop
%%Page: 213 215
213 214 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0Zks0ans)646
482 y(oboqZ0Z0)646 565 y(0onZpo0Z)646 648 y(Z0ZpZ0Zp)646 731
y(0Z0O0O0A)646 814 y(Z0M0ZNZQ)646 897 y(POPZ0ZPO)646 980 y(Z0JRZBZR)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 539 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(9)e(\(L\):)h
Fm(Jansa)h(v)g(Ornstein)p Fp(,)e(White)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(f5)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(0Z0srZkZ)646
1631 y(opZ0Zpo0)646 1714 y(0lnZ0mpZ)646 1797 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)646
1880 y(0Z0o0Z0Z)646 1963 y(OPZRZPZ0)646 2046 y(0ZPZNLPO)646
2129 y(S0A0Z0J0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 427 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(10)f
(\(T\):)h Fm(Kab)n(adzjan)i(v)e(Cib)n(elasvili)p Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)i(to)g(Pla)o
(y)m(,)e Fl(...)22 b(Ne5)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(213)p eop
%%Page: 214 216
214 215 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0ZrZnskZ)646
482 y(o0ZqZpop)646 565 y(bo0o0Z0Z)646 648 y(m0oPo0Z0)646 731
y(PZPZPZ0Z)646 814 y(Z0OBA0M0)646 897 y(0Z0ZQOPO)646 980 y(S0Z0ZRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 552 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(11)e(\(L\):)h
Fm(Byrne)h(v)g(Kotov)p Fp(,)e(White)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(f4)p
Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(rZ0ZrZkZ)646
1631 y(oplbZpop)646 1714 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1797 y(Z0Z0o0MQ)646
1880 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1963 y(Z0O0Z0Z0)646 2046 y(PO0Z0OPO)646
2129 y(S0Z0S0J0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 523 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(12)g
(\(T\):)f Fm(Pachman)j(D3)p Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(Bf5)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(214)p eop
%%Page: 215 217
215 216 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(rZ0l0skZ)646
482 y(Z0Z0apop)646 565 y(pZ0o0Z0Z)646 648 y(Z0oPZ0Z0)646 731
y(0Z0oPZ0Z)646 814 y(Z0ZQZ0Z0)646 897 y(PO0A0OPO)646 980 y(S0Z0S0J0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 483 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(13)g(\(L\):)f
Fm(Pfei\013er)i(v)g(T)m(rifunovich)p Fp(,)e(White)g(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(b4)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(rmbZ0s0j)646
1631 y(opZ0o0Zp)646 1714 y(0Zpo0ZpZ)646 1797 y(l0ZPZpZ0)646
1880 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1963 y(ZPa0ZNO0)646 2046 y(PA0ZPOBO)646
2129 y(S0ZQZRJ0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 425 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(14)f
(\(T\):)h Fm(R)n(ob)n(atsch)h(v)g(Jansa)p Fp(,)f(White)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(Qd2)j(or)g(Qe1)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(215)p eop
%%Page: 216 218
216 217 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0ZrZ0ZkZ)646
482 y(ZpZ0l0op)646 565 y(0ZbZps0Z)646 648 y(o0opZ0Z0)646 731
y(0Z0Z0ZQZ)646 814 y(ZPZPO0S0)646 897 y(PZPM0ZPO)646 980 y(Z0Z0ZRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 464 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(15)e(\(T\):)g
Fm(Fischer)i(v)g(Me)n(cking)p Fp(,)f(White)g(to)f(Pla)o(y)m(,)g
Fl(Qxg7+)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(rZblka0s)646
1631 y(Z0Z0mpo0)646 1714 y(pZpZ0Z0o)646 1797 y(ZpZpO0A0)646
1880 y(0Z0Z0Z0Z)646 1963 y(ZBZ0Z0Z0)646 2046 y(POPM0OPO)646
2129 y(S0ZQZRJ0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 448 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)h(16)f
(\(T\):)h Fm(V)m(asilchuk)h(v)g(Bob)n(olovitch)p Fp(,)e(White)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)
m(,)e Fl(Ne4)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(216)p eop
%%Page: 217 219
217 218 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(rZ0l0skZ)646
482 y(Zponapop)646 565 y(pZ0o0mbZ)646 648 y(Z0ZPo0Z0)646 731
y(0ZPZPZPZ)646 814 y(Z0M0ZNZP)646 897 y(POBZQO0Z)646 980 y(S0A0ZRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 517 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(17)e(\(L\):)h
Fm(Bisch)h(v)g(Kmo)n(ch)p Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(h5)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548
a Fg(rZbl0skZ)646 1631 y(opZ0opap)646 1714 y(0Zno0ZpZ)646 1797
y(Z0m0Z0Z0)646 1880 y(PZ0ZPO0Z)646 1963 y(M0O0ZNZ0)646 2046
y(0OBZ0ZPO)646 2129 y(S0A0LRJ0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5
v 488 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(18)g(\(T\):)f Fm(Maric)i(v)g(Fischer)p
Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(...)22 b(Nb3)p Fp(.)946
2574 y(217)p eop
%%Page: 218 220
218 219 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0Z0srZ0Z)646
482 y(Z0oqZ0ok)646 565 y(pZ0o0ono)646 648 y(Z0Z0Z0Z0)646 731
y(0ZQAPO0Z)646 814 y(ZPZ0Z0Z0)646 897 y(PZ0Z0ZPO)646 980 y(Z0Z0SRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 500 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(19)f(\(T\):)h
Fm(Euwe)h(v)g(Ker)n(es)p Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)g(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(Rxe4)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548
a Fg(rZ0Z0j0Z)646 1631 y(obZ0apZr)646 1714 y(0o0lpZ0o)646 1797
y(Z0ZpMpZ0)646 1880 y(0Z0O0O0Z)646 1963 y(Z0M0Z0O0)646 2046
y(POPZQZ0O)646 2129 y(Z0JRS0Z0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5
v 559 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(20)f(\(L\):)h Fm(Euwe)h(v)g(Flohr)p
Fp(,)e(White)g(to)h(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(g4)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(218)p
eop
%%Page: 219 221
219 220 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(0Z0snZ0j)646
482 y(opa0Zrop)646 565 y(0Zpoqo0Z)646 648 y(Z0Z0ZNZ0)646 731
y(0ZPZPZ0Z)646 814 y(ZPZ0Z0ZQ)646 897 y(PA0Z0OPO)646 980 y(Z0ZRS0J0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 454 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(21)g(\(T\):)f
Fm(T)m(arr)n(asch)h(v)h(Blackburne)p Fp(,)f(White)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(Nh6)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548 a Fg(0ZrZ0skZ)646
1631 y(Zblnapo0)646 1714 y(0o0opm0o)646 1797 y(oPZ0Z0Z0)646
1880 y(NZPZPZ0Z)646 1963 y(O0ZBZNZP)646 2046 y(0A0ZQOPZ)646
2129 y(S0ZRZ0J0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5 v 442 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)i(22)f
(\(T\):)h Fm(Najdorf)g(v)h(R)n(eshevsky)p Fp(,)f(Blac)o(k)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)
e Fl(...)22 b(Bxe4)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(219)p eop
%%Page: 220 222
220 221 bop 641 315 673 5 v 641 980 5 665 v 646 399 a Fg(rZblkZ0s)646
482 y(opZ0apop)646 565 y(0ZpZ0Z0Z)646 648 y(Z0ZpO0Z0)646 731
y(PZ0L0O0Z)646 814 y(Z0M0A0Z0)646 897 y(0OPZ0ZPO)646 980 y(S0Z0ZRJ0)p
1310 980 V 641 984 673 5 v 512 1102 a Fp(T)m(est)14 b(23)g(\(L\):)f
Fm(Jansa)j(v)f(Kavalek)p Fp(,)e(Blac)o(k)h(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e
Fl(...)22 b(f6)p Fp(.)p 641 1465 V 641 2129 5 665 v 646 1548
a Fg(rZ0lnsnj)646 1631 y(o0ZbZ0a0)646 1714 y(0o0o0Zpo)646 1797
y(Z0oPopZ0)646 1880 y(0OPZPZ0Z)646 1963 y(ORMBA0Z0)646 2046
y(0Z0LNOPO)646 2129 y(Z0Z0ZRJ0)p 1310 2129 V 641 2133 673 5
v 563 2252 a Fp(T)m(est)15 b(24)e(\(L\):)h Fm(Szab)n(o)h(v)g(Ivkov)p
Fp(,)f(White)g(to)g(Pla)o(y)m(,)e Fl(f4)p Fp(.)946 2574 y(220)p
eop
%%Page: 221 223
221 222 bop 262 654 a Fn(App)s(endix)33 b(E)262 897 y Fo(T)-10
b(est)39 b(Games)h(Pla)m(y)m(ed)262 1148 y Fp(This)19 b(app)q(endix)h(con)o
(tains)f(the)i(test)g(games)d(pla)o(y)o(ed)h(b)o(y)h(HIAR)o(CS)f(5.0.)35
b(The)20 b(matc)o(h)262 1198 y(scores)15 b(w)o(ere)g(as)f(follo)o(ws:)p
324 1416 977 2 v 323 1466 2 50 v 349 1451 a Fm(Players)p 724
1466 V 267 w(1)p 795 1466 V 50 w(2)p 866 1466 V 50 w(3)p 937
1466 V 50 w(4)p 1008 1466 V 50 w(5)p 1079 1466 V 53 w(6)p 1156
1466 V 53 w(T)m(otal)p 1299 1466 V 324 1468 977 2 v 323 1518
2 51 v 349 1503 a Fp(HIAR)o(CS)f(5.0)p 724 1518 V 174 w(1)p
795 1518 V 50 w(1)p 866 1518 V 50 w(1)p 937 1518 V 50 w(1)p
1008 1518 V 50 w(1)p 1079 1518 V 1110 1487 a Fk(1)p 1110 1494
17 2 v 1110 1517 a(2)p 1156 1518 2 51 v 1205 1503 a Fp(5)1231
1487 y Fk(1)p 1230 1494 17 2 v 1230 1517 a(2)p 1299 1518 2
51 v 324 1520 977 2 v 323 1570 2 51 v 349 1555 a Fp(Mephisto)h(Exclusiv)o(e)p
724 1570 V 50 w(0)p 795 1570 V 50 w(0)p 866 1570 V 50 w(0)p
937 1570 V 50 w(0)p 1008 1570 V 50 w(0)p 1079 1570 V 1110 1538
a Fk(1)p 1110 1545 17 2 v 1110 1569 a(2)p 1156 1570 2 51 v
1220 1538 a(1)p 1220 1545 17 2 v 1220 1569 a(2)p 1299 1570
2 51 v 324 1571 977 2 v 324 1790 589 2 v 323 1839 2 50 v 349
1825 a Fm(Players)p 627 1839 V 169 w(1)p 698 1839 V 50 w(2)p
769 1839 V 50 w(T)m(otal)p 912 1839 V 324 1841 589 2 v 323
1891 2 50 v 349 1876 a Fp(HIAR)o(CS)f(5.0)p 627 1891 V 77 w(1)p
698 1891 V 50 w(0)p 769 1891 V 86 w(1)p 912 1891 V 324 1893
589 2 v 323 1942 2 50 v 349 1927 a(Mark)h(Uniac)o(k)o(e)p 627
1942 V 50 w(0)p 698 1942 V 50 w(1)p 769 1942 V 86 w(1)p 912
1942 V 324 1944 589 2 v 324 2163 826 2 v 323 2212 2 50 v 349
2197 a Fm(Players)p 716 2212 V 261 w(1)p 792 2212 V 53 w(2)p
863 2212 V 50 w(3)p 934 2212 V 50 w(4)p 1005 2212 V 50 w(T)m(otal)p
1148 2212 V 324 2214 826 2 v 323 2264 2 51 v 349 2249 a Fp(HIAR)o(CS)f(5.0,)g
(3)g(ply)p 716 2264 V 747 2233 a Fk(1)p 747 2240 17 2 v 747
2263 a(2)p 792 2264 2 51 v 818 2249 a Fp(0)p 863 2264 V 50
w(0)p 934 2264 V 50 w(1)p 1005 2264 V 73 w(1)1080 2233 y Fk(1)p
1080 2240 17 2 v 1080 2263 a(2)p 1148 2264 2 51 v 324 2266
826 2 v 323 2316 2 51 v 349 2301 a Fp(NOKNO)o(W,)h(6)f(ply)p
716 2316 V 747 2284 a Fk(1)p 747 2291 17 2 v 747 2315 a(2)p
792 2316 2 51 v 818 2301 a Fp(1)p 863 2316 V 50 w(1)p 934 2316
V 50 w(0)p 1005 2316 V 73 w(2)1080 2284 y Fk(1)p 1080 2291
17 2 v 1080 2315 a(2)p 1148 2316 2 51 v 324 2317 826 2 v 946
2574 a Fp(221)p eop
%%Page: 222 224
222 223 bop 262 307 a Fr(E.1)69 b(HIAR)n(CS)22 b(5.0)i(v)n(ersus)f(Mephisto)g
(Exclusiv)n(e)262 442 y Fu(E.1.1)55 b(Game)17 b(1)321 604 y
Fp(White)77 b(:)18 b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 654
y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 703 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Kings)13 b(Gam)o(bit)f(Accepted)415 803 y(1.)62 b(e4)102
b(e5)552 b(31.)40 b(Qc2)71 b(Qf4)415 853 y(2.)62 b(f4)107 b(ef)560
b(32.)40 b(Nf2)77 b(g3)415 903 y(3.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(d6)547 b(33.)40
b(Nd3)67 b(gh+)14 b(\(mate)f(in)g(5\))415 952 y(4.)62 b(Bc4)73
b(Be6)523 b(34.)40 b(Kh1)66 b(Rxf1+)415 1002 y(5.)c(Bxe6)51
b(fe)560 b(35.)40 b(Rxf1)55 b(Qxf1+)415 1052 y(6.)62 b(d4)97
b(Qf6)525 b(36.)40 b(Kxh2)k(Qg1+)415 1102 y(7.)62 b(o-o)85
b(Nc6)521 b(37.)40 b(Kh3)66 b(Qg3+)14 b(mate)415 1152 y(8.)62
b(Nc3)71 b(Nge7)618 b(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)415 1201 y(9.)62
b(Nb5)k(o-o-o)415 1251 y(10.)41 b(a4)99 b(a6)415 1301 y(11.)41
b(Nc3)71 b(e5)415 1351 y(12.)41 b(d5)97 b(Nb4)415 1401 y(13.)41
b(Bd2)68 b(Qg6)415 1451 y(14.)41 b(Nh4)66 b(Qh6)415 1500 y(15.)41
b(Qg4+)35 b(Kb8)415 1550 y(16.)41 b(Rac1)50 b(g5)415 1600 y(17.)41
b(Nf3)76 b(Rg8)415 1650 y(18.)41 b(Nd1)66 b(a5)415 1700 y(19.)41
b(Bxb4)46 b(ab)415 1749 y(20.)41 b(a5)99 b(Qg6)415 1799 y(21.)41
b(Nd2)66 b(Bg7)415 1849 y(22.)41 b(c4)102 b(h5)415 1899 y(23.)41
b(Qf3)75 b(g4)415 1949 y(24.)41 b(Qe2)70 b(f3)415 1998 y(25.)41
b(Qf2)75 b(Bh6)415 2048 y(26.)41 b(Ne3)71 b(fg)415 2098 y(27.)41
b(Kxg2)k(Rdf8)415 2148 y(28.)c(Qe2)70 b(Rf3)415 2198 y(29.)41
b(Nd1)66 b(Bxd2)415 2248 y(30.)41 b(Qxd2)i(Qxe4)946 2574 y(222)p
eop
%%Page: 223 225
223 224 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.1.2)55 b(Game)17 b(2)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18
b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Bogo{Indian)415 668 y(1.)62 b(d4)97 b(Nf6)526 b(31.)40
b(Rc8)72 b(Rdd8)415 718 y(2.)62 b(c4)102 b(e6)552 b(32.)40
b(Rc6)72 b(Qh6)415 768 y(3.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(Bb4)518 b(33.)40
b(Qe2)71 b(Rf6)415 818 y(4.)62 b(Bd2)68 b(Bxd2)496 b(34.)40
b(h3)98 b(Qg5)415 868 y(5.)62 b(Qxd2)43 b(o-o)535 b(35.)40
b(Qb5)66 b(Qh4)415 917 y(6.)c(Nc3)71 b(d5)547 b(36.)40 b(Rxb6)45
b(Nxb6)415 967 y(7.)62 b(e3)102 b(Ne4)521 b(37.)40 b(Qxb6)k(Rc8)415
1017 y(8.)62 b(Nxe4)49 b(de)550 b(38.)40 b(Rxa5)47 b(Rc1+)415
1067 y(9.)62 b(Ng1)68 b(Nc6)521 b(39.)40 b(Kh2)66 b(Rc2)415
1117 y(10.)41 b(Ne2)71 b(Rb8)516 b(40.)40 b(Ra8)69 b(Kf7)415
1166 y(11.)41 b(Ng3)68 b(f5)557 b(41.)40 b(Ra7)69 b(Kg6)415
1216 y(12.)41 b(Be2)73 b(b6)547 b(42.)40 b(Re7)72 b(Rxf2)415
1266 y(13.)41 b(o-o)85 b(Bb7)518 b(43.)40 b(Rxe6)50 b(Kf7)415
1316 y(14.)41 b(Rac1)50 b(Ne5)521 b(44.)40 b(d5)98 b(Qh6)415
1366 y(15.)41 b(Qc2)70 b(Nc6)521 b(45.)40 b(Kg1)68 b(Rd2)415
1416 y(16.)41 b(c5)102 b(Nb4)516 b(46.)40 b(Nxf5)55 b(Rd1+)415
1465 y(17.)41 b(Qb3)65 b(Nd5)516 b(47.)40 b(Kh2)66 b(Rxe6)415
1515 y(18.)41 b(c6)102 b(Ba8)520 b(48.)40 b(Qb7+)34 b(Kf8)415
1565 y(19.)41 b(Qa4)67 b(a5)549 b(49.)40 b(Qb4+)34 b(Kf7)415
1615 y(20.)41 b(Qb3)65 b(Qh4)515 b(50.)40 b(Nxh6+)13 b(Rxh6)415
1665 y(21.)41 b(Rfd1)53 b(Rb)q(d8)492 b(51.)40 b(Qxe4)49 b(Rd2)415
1714 y(22.)41 b(a4)99 b(Rd6)516 b(52.)40 b(b4)98 b(Rg6)415
1764 y(23.)41 b(Bb5)68 b(Nb4)516 b(53.)40 b(a5)100 b(Ra2)415
1814 y(24.)41 b(Rd2)66 b(Bxc6)501 b(54.)40 b(d6)98 b(Rxd6)415
1864 y(25.)41 b(Bxc6)51 b(Nxc6)499 b(55.)40 b(Qc4+)f(Re6)415
1914 y(26.)i(Rdc2)48 b(Ne7)521 b(56.)40 b(Qxa2)46 b(Kf6)415
1963 y(27.)41 b(Rxc7)49 b(Nd5)516 b(57.)40 b(Qxe6+)17 b(Kxe6)415
2013 y(28.)41 b(Ra7)68 b(Qd8)515 b(58.)40 b(a6)100 b(Resigns)415
2063 y(29.)41 b(Qb5)65 b(Qg5)635 b(1)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(0)415
2113 y(30.)41 b(Qa6)67 b(Qh4)946 2574 y(223)p eop
%%Page: 224 226
224 225 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.1.3)55 b(Game)17 b(3)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36 b(:)18
b(Ruy)13 b(Lop)q(ez,)h(exc)o(hange)h(v)n(ariation)415 668 y(1.)62
b(e4)102 b(e5)552 b(31.)40 b(Qf3)76 b(Red8)415 718 y(2.)62
b(Nf3)76 b(Nc6)521 b(32.)40 b(Qg4)68 b(Rd3)415 768 y(3.)62
b(Bb5)68 b(a6)549 b(33.)40 b(Ne2)72 b(Rb3)415 818 y(4.)62 b(Bxc6)51
b(dc)550 b(34.)40 b(g3)100 b(Rd2)415 868 y(5.)62 b(d3)97 b(Bg4)520
b(35.)40 b(h5)98 b(Ke7)415 917 y(6.)62 b(h3)97 b(Bxf3)506 b(36.)40
b(h6)98 b(Rbb2)415 967 y(7.)62 b(Qxf3)53 b(Nf6)526 b(37.)40
b(Qf3)76 b(Rxe2)415 1017 y(8.)62 b(o-o)85 b(Qd4)515 b(38.)40
b(Qa3)68 b(Ke6)415 1067 y(9.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(Qb4)515 b(39.)40
b(Qxb2)k(Bxb2)415 1117 y(10.)d(Qf5)75 b(Bd6)518 b(40.)40 b(h7)98
b(f5)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(Qg5)67 b(o-o)535 b(41.)40 b(Resigns)415
1216 y(12.)h(Rb1)66 b(Rfe8)626 b(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)415
1266 y(13.)41 b(a3)99 b(Qc5)415 1316 y(14.)41 b(Be3)73 b(Qa5)415
1366 y(15.)41 b(b4)97 b(h6)415 1416 y(16.)41 b(Qg3)67 b(Qxa3)415
1465 y(17.)41 b(Rb3)66 b(Qxb3)415 1515 y(18.)41 b(cb)100 b(Bxb4)415
1565 y(19.)41 b(Na2)68 b(Bf8)415 1615 y(20.)41 b(f4)107 b(ef)415
1665 y(21.)41 b(Bxf4)56 b(Bc5+)415 1714 y(22.)41 b(Kh1)65 b(Nh5)415
1764 y(23.)41 b(Qg4)67 b(Nxf4)415 1814 y(24.)41 b(Rxf4)54 b(Bd6)415
1864 y(25.)41 b(Rf6)76 b(h5)415 1914 y(26.)41 b(Qxh5)i(gf)415
1963 y(27.)e(h4)97 b(Rad8)415 2013 y(28.)41 b(Nc3)71 b(Be5)415
2063 y(29.)41 b(Qg4)67 b(Kf8)415 2113 y(30.)41 b(d4)97 b(Rxd4)946
2574 y(224)p eop
%%Page: 225 227
225 226 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.1.4)55 b(Game)17 b(4)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18
b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Catalan)415 668 y(1.)62 b(d4)97 b(Nf6)526 b(31.)40
b(Kg2)68 b(Nb4)415 718 y(2.)62 b(c4)102 b(e6)552 b(32.)40 b(Rxa5)47
b(Na6)415 768 y(3.)62 b(g3)99 b(d5)547 b(33.)40 b(Rad5)46 b(g6)415
818 y(4.)62 b(Bg2)70 b(dc)550 b(34.)40 b(a4)100 b(Nb8)415 868
y(5.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(Nb)q(d7)492 b(35.)40 b(Rf7)77 b(Na6)415
917 y(6.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(Bb4)518 b(36.)40 b(Rd7)67 b(Re6)415
967 y(7.)62 b(Bd2)68 b(o-o)535 b(37.)40 b(Rxh7+)13 b(Resigns)415
1017 y(8.)62 b(o-o)85 b(Be7)617 b(\(mate)13 b(in)h(3\))415
1067 y(9.)62 b(Bf4)78 b(c5)670 b(1)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(0)415
1117 y(10.)41 b(e3)102 b(cd)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(Qxd4)i(Qb6)415
1216 y(12.)e(Rb1)66 b(Qxd4)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(Nxd4)j(Nc5)415
1316 y(14.)d(Bc7)73 b(Bd7)415 1366 y(15.)41 b(Rfd1)53 b(Ng4)415
1416 y(16.)41 b(h3)97 b(Rfc8)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Ndb5)i(Bxb5)415
1515 y(18.)e(Nxb5)j(Nh6)415 1565 y(19.)d(Bd6)68 b(Bxd6)415
1615 y(20.)41 b(Nxd6)j(Rcb8)415 1665 y(21.)d(Nxc4)49 b(a5)415
1714 y(22.)41 b(Rb)q(c1)47 b(Nf5)415 1764 y(23.)41 b(e4)102
b(Ne7)415 1814 y(24.)41 b(Nb6)66 b(Ra6)415 1864 y(25.)41 b(Rxc5)49
b(Rxb6)415 1914 y(26.)41 b(Rd7)66 b(Nc6)415 1963 y(27.)41 b(b3)97
b(e5)415 2013 y(28.)41 b(Bf1)78 b(f6)415 2063 y(29.)41 b(Bb5)68
b(Ra8)415 2113 y(30.)41 b(Bc4+)g(Kh8)946 2574 y(225)p eop
%%Page: 226 228
226 227 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.1.5)55 b(Game)17 b(5)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36 b(:)18
b(Sicilian)12 b(Dragon,)g(early)i(white)g(div)o(ergence)415
668 y(1.)62 b(e4)102 b(c5)552 b(31.)40 b(Rb)q(c1)48 b(Rd2)415
718 y(2.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(d6)547 b(32.)40 b(R1c2)51 b(Rxc2)415
768 y(3.)62 b(Bc4)73 b(Nc6)521 b(33.)40 b(Rxc2)50 b(Rxa3)415
818 y(4.)62 b(d4)97 b(Nf6)526 b(34.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(Kf7)415 868
y(5.)62 b(d5)97 b(Na5)518 b(35.)40 b(Re2)72 b(Kf6)415 917 y(6.)62
b(Bb5+)36 b(Bd7)518 b(36.)40 b(h3)98 b(Kf5)415 967 y(7.)62
b(Bxd7+)14 b(Qxd7)493 b(37.)40 b(Ke1)71 b(h5)415 1017 y(8.)62
b(Qd2)j(Nc4)521 b(38.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(Ra4)415 1067 y(9.)62 b(Qc3)70
b(Nb6)516 b(39.)40 b(Rd2)67 b(Ke5)415 1117 y(10.)41 b(Nfd2)53
b(e6)552 b(40.)40 b(Re2)72 b(Kd5)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(de)100
b(fe)560 b(41.)40 b(Rd2)67 b(Rd4)415 1216 y(12.)41 b(o-o)85
b(d5)547 b(42.)40 b(Ke3)71 b(Rxd2)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(ed)100
b(Nb)o(xd5)472 b(43.)40 b(Kxd2)k(h4)415 1316 y(14.)d(Qh3)65
b(Nf4)526 b(44.)40 b(Ke3)71 b(Ke5)415 1366 y(15.)41 b(Qe3)70
b(Nf6d5)482 b(45.)40 b(Kd3)66 b(Kf4)415 1416 y(16.)41 b(Qe4)70
b(Bd6)518 b(46.)40 b(Ke2)71 b(b5)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Nc4)71
b(o-o)535 b(47.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(a5)415 1515 y(18.)41 b(Nxd6)j(Qxd6)493
b(48.)40 b(Ke2)71 b(b4)415 1565 y(19.)41 b(Na3)68 b(Qc6)520
b(49.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(a4)415 1615 y(20.)41 b(Re1)71 b(g5)549
b(50.)40 b(g3+)68 b(hg+)415 1665 y(21.)41 b(Bxf4)56 b(Rxf4)504
b(51.)40 b(Ke2)71 b(a3)415 1714 y(22.)41 b(Qxe6+)16 b(Qxe6)498
b(52.)40 b(h4)98 b(b3)415 1764 y(23.)41 b(Rxe6)49 b(Raf8)505
b(53.)40 b(h5)98 b(ba)415 1814 y(24.)41 b(c4)102 b(Nb6)516
b(54.)40 b(h6)98 b(a1\(Q\))415 1864 y(25.)41 b(Re5)71 b(h6)547
b(55.)40 b(h7)98 b(a2)13 b(\(mate)g(in)h(7\))415 1914 y(26.)41
b(f3)107 b(Nxc4)499 b(56.)40 b(h8\(Q\))34 b(Qxh8)415 1963 y(27.)41
b(Rxc5)49 b(Nxa3)496 b(57.)40 b(Resigns)415 2013 y(28.)h(ba)97
b(Ra4)636 b(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)415 2063 y(29.)41 b(Rb1)66
b(b6)415 2113 y(30.)41 b(Rc3)71 b(Rd8)946 2574 y(226)p eop
%%Page: 227 229
227 228 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.1.6)55 b(Game)17 b(6)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18
b Fl(Mephisto)13 b(Exclusiv)o(e)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(P)o(etro\013)c(Defence)415 668 y(1.)62 b(e4)102 b(e5)552
b(31.)40 b(Qd4)66 b(Qxd4)415 718 y(2.)c(Nf3)76 b(Nf6)526 b(32.)40
b(Rxd4)45 b(Kg7)415 768 y(3.)62 b(Nxe5)49 b(d6)547 b(33.)40
b(Kf1)76 b(Bb6)415 818 y(4.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(Nxe4)499 b(34.)40
b(Rd5)67 b(f5)415 868 y(5.)62 b(d4)97 b(d5)547 b(35.)40 b(Ke2)71
b(h6)415 917 y(6.)62 b(Bd3)68 b(Be7)523 b(36.)40 b(h5)98 b(Kf6)415
967 y(7.)62 b(o-o)85 b(Nc6)521 b(37.)40 b(hg)98 b(f4)415 1017
y(8.)62 b(Re1)71 b(Bf5)528 b(38.)40 b(Kf3)76 b(Bc7)415 1067
y(9.)62 b(Nb)q(d2)42 b(Nd6)516 b(39.)40 b(Kg4)68 b(Kxg6)415
1117 y(10.)41 b(Nb3)66 b(o-o)535 b(40.)40 b(Bf5+)47 b(Kf6)415
1166 y(11.)41 b(Nc5)71 b(b6)547 b(41.)40 b(Rxd8)45 b(Bxd8)415
1216 y(12.)c(Bf4)78 b(b)q(c)549 b(42.)40 b(Kxf4)54 b(Be7)415
1266 y(13.)41 b(Bxd6)46 b(Qxd6)493 b(43.)40 b(a4)100 b(Bc5)415
1316 y(14.)41 b(Bxf5)56 b(Qf6)525 b(44.)40 b(f3)108 b(a5)415
1366 y(15.)41 b(Qd3)65 b(g6)549 b(45.)40 b(Ke4)71 b(h5)415
1416 y(16.)41 b(Bd7)68 b(Nxd4)494 b(46.)40 b(f4)108 b(h4)415
1465 y(17.)41 b(Nxd4)j(cd)550 b(47.)40 b(Bc8)74 b(Bf2)415 1515
y(18.)41 b(Rad1)k(Bb4)518 b(48.)40 b(Kf3)76 b(Bg3)415 1565
y(19.)41 b(Re2)71 b(c5)552 b(49.)40 b(Kg4)68 b(Ke7)415 1615
y(20.)41 b(c3)102 b(dc)550 b(50.)40 b(Kg5)68 b(Kd6)415 1665
y(21.)41 b(a3)99 b(Ba5)520 b(51.)40 b(f5)108 b(Ke7)415 1714
y(22.)41 b(Qxd5)i(cb)550 b(52.)40 b(f6+)76 b(Kf7)415 1764 y(23.)41
b(Qxc5)48 b(Qc3)520 b(53.)40 b(Kf5)76 b(Kf8)415 1814 y(24.)41
b(Re5)71 b(f6)557 b(54.)40 b(Be6)74 b(Ke8)415 1864 y(25.)41
b(Qd5+)33 b(Kh8)515 b(55.)40 b(Bd5)69 b(Kf8)415 1914 y(26.)41
b(Re3)71 b(Qc7)520 b(56.)40 b(f7)108 b(Ke7)415 1963 y(27.)41
b(h4)97 b(Rab8)495 b(57.)40 b(Kg6)68 b(Kf8)415 2013 y(28.)41
b(Rb3)66 b(Rxb3)494 b(58.)40 b(Dra)o(wn)415 2063 y(29.)h(Qxb3)i(Rd8)1365
2047 y Fk(1)p 1365 2054 17 2 v 1365 2078 a(2)1422 2063 y Ff(\000)1507
2047 y Fk(1)p 1507 2054 V 1507 2078 a(2)415 2113 y Fp(30.)e(Qxb2)i(Qf4)946
2574 y(227)p eop
%%Page: 228 230
228 229 bop 262 307 a Fr(E.2)69 b(HIAR)n(CS)22 b(5.0)i(v)n(ersus)f(Mark)i
(Uniac)n(k)n(e)262 442 y Fu(E.2.1)55 b(Game)17 b(1)321 604
y Fp(White)77 b(:)18 b Fl(Mark)e(Uniac)o(k)o(e)321 654 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 703 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36 b(:)18
b(Queens)d(Gam)o(bit)c(Declined)415 803 y(1.)62 b(d4)97 b(d5)547
b(31.)40 b(ed)101 b(Qc5)415 853 y(2.)62 b(c4)102 b(e6)552 b(32.)40
b(Kh2)66 b(Qxd5)415 903 y(3.)c(Nc3)71 b(Nf6)526 b(33.)40 b(Qxd5)k(Bxd5)415
952 y(4.)62 b(Bg5)70 b(Be7)523 b(34.)40 b(Bd3)69 b(b5)415 1002
y(5.)62 b(e3)102 b(o-o)535 b(35.)40 b(Kg1)68 b(h5)415 1052
y(6.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(Nb)q(d7)492 b(36.)40 b(Be2)74 b(g6)415 1102
y(7.)62 b(Bd3)68 b(dc)550 b(37.)40 b(a4)100 b(ba)415 1152 y(8.)62
b(Bxc4)51 b(b6)547 b(38.)40 b(Bxa6)49 b(Bc6)415 1201 y(9.)62
b(o-o)85 b(Bb7)518 b(39.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(Ke7)415 1251 y(10.)41
b(Rc1)71 b(c5)552 b(40.)40 b(Be2)74 b(Kf6)415 1301 y(11.)41
b(Re1)71 b(Rc8)521 b(41.)40 b(Bc4)74 b(h4)415 1351 y(12.)41
b(Bd3)68 b(cd)550 b(42.)40 b(Be2)74 b(Ke5)415 1401 y(13.)41
b(Nxd4)j(Ne5)521 b(43.)40 b(Bf3)79 b(Bxf3)415 1451 y(14.)41
b(Bb1)68 b(Nfg4)505 b(44.)40 b(Kxf3)54 b(Kf5)415 1500 y(15.)41
b(Bxe7)51 b(Qxe7)498 b(45.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(Ke4)415 1550 y(16.)41
b(h3)97 b(Nf6)526 b(46.)40 b(Ke2)71 b(f5)415 1600 y(17.)41
b(Qe2)70 b(Rfd8)503 b(47.)40 b(Kf2)76 b(Kd3)415 1650 y(18.)41
b(Red1)48 b(Rc5)521 b(48.)40 b(Kf3)76 b(g5)415 1700 y(19.)41
b(e4)102 b(a6)549 b(49.)40 b(Resigns)415 1749 y(20.)h(f4)107
b(Ng6)636 b(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)415 1799 y(21.)41 b(Qf2)75
b(Qc7)415 1849 y(22.)41 b(Nde2)48 b(Rc4)415 1899 y(23.)41 b(Rxd8)j(Qxd8)415
1949 y(24.)d(Rd1)66 b(Qc7)415 1998 y(25.)41 b(Rd4)66 b(Rxd4)415
2048 y(26.)41 b(Qxd4)i(Nxf4)415 2098 y(27.)e(Nxf4)54 b(e5)415
2148 y(28.)41 b(Qd2)65 b(ef)415 2198 y(29.)41 b(a3)99 b(Kf8)415
2248 y(30.)41 b(Nd5)66 b(Nxd5)946 2574 y(228)p eop
%%Page: 229 231
229 230 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.2.2)55 b(Game)17 b(2)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18
b Fl(Mark)e(Uniac)o(k)o(e)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36 b(:)18
b(Pirc)c(Defence)415 668 y(1.)62 b(e4)102 b(d6)547 b(31.)40
b(b3)98 b(Nb6)415 718 y(2.)62 b(d4)97 b(Nf6)526 b(32.)40 b(h4)98
b(a5)415 768 y(3.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(g6)549 b(33.)40 b(h5)98 b(Na6)415
818 y(4.)62 b(f4)107 b(Bg7)520 b(34.)40 b(hg)98 b(hg)415 868
y(5.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(o-o)535 b(35.)40 b(Rh1+)35 b(Kg7)415 917
y(6.)62 b(Be3)73 b(Ng4)518 b(36.)40 b(Kc1)71 b(a4)415 967 y(7.)62
b(Bd2)68 b(c5)552 b(37.)40 b(ba)98 b(Nxa4)415 1017 y(8.)62
b(dc)100 b(dc)550 b(38.)40 b(Qc2)71 b(Qc6)415 1067 y(9.)62
b(e5)102 b(a6)549 b(39.)40 b(Rh3)67 b(ba)415 1117 y(10.)41
b(h3)97 b(Nh6)516 b(40.)40 b(Nxa3)47 b(Nb4)415 1166 y(11.)41
b(Be3)73 b(Qa5)517 b(41.)40 b(Rxd8)45 b(Nxc2)415 1216 y(12.)c(Qd5)65
b(Nd7)516 b(42.)40 b(Rxe8)50 b(Qxe8)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(g4)99
b(Kh8)515 b(43.)40 b(Kxc2)49 b(Qc6)415 1316 y(14.)41 b(o-o-o)50
b(e6)552 b(44.)40 b(Bd2)69 b(Qe4+)415 1366 y(15.)41 b(Qd6)65
b(Re8)521 b(45.)40 b(Kb3)66 b(Qe2)415 1416 y(16.)41 b(Ng5)68
b(Bf8)528 b(46.)40 b(Kc2)71 b(Qxg4)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Qd2)65
b(Be7)523 b(47.)40 b(Rb3)67 b(Qf5+)415 1515 y(18.)41 b(Nge4)50
b(b5)547 b(48.)40 b(Kc1)71 b(Qe4)415 1565 y(19.)41 b(Nd6)66
b(Bxd6)496 b(49.)40 b(Kd1)66 b(Qd4)415 1615 y(20.)41 b(Qxd6)i(Bb7)518
b(50.)40 b(Kc2)71 b(g5)415 1665 y(21.)41 b(Rh2)66 b(Rad8)495
b(51.)40 b(Rg3)69 b(Kf8)415 1714 y(22.)41 b(Bg2)70 b(Bxg2)498
b(52.)40 b(fg)108 b(Qxe5)415 1764 y(23.)41 b(Rxg2)46 b(b4)547
b(53.)40 b(Rd3)67 b(Qe4)415 1814 y(24.)41 b(Nb1)66 b(Ng8)518
b(54.)40 b(Be3)74 b(Nb2)415 1864 y(25.)41 b(a3)99 b(Ne7)521
b(55.)40 b(Kxb2)k(Qxd3)415 1914 y(26.)d(c4)102 b(Nc8)521 b(56.)40
b(Bxc5+)20 b(Kg7)415 1963 y(27.)41 b(Qc6)70 b(Ncb6)498 b(57.)40
b(Be7)74 b(Kg6)415 2013 y(28.)41 b(Qe4)70 b(Nb8)516 b(58.)40
b(Bf6)79 b(e5)415 2063 y(29.)41 b(Rgg1)47 b(Na4)518 b(59.)40
b(Be7)74 b(e4)415 2113 y(30.)41 b(Kc2)70 b(Qc7)520 b(60.)40
b(Nc2)72 b(Qxc4)946 2574 y(229)p eop
%%Page: 230 232
230 231 bop 415 357 a Fp(61.)41 b(Bf6)78 b(Qd3)415 407 y(62.)41
b(Nb4)66 b(Qd2+)415 457 y(63.)41 b(Nc2)71 b(e3)415 506 y(64.)41
b(Bc3)73 b(Qd3)415 556 y(65.)41 b(Bd4)68 b(e2)415 606 y(66.)41
b(Bf6)78 b(Qd2)415 656 y(67.)41 b(Kb1)65 b(e1\(Q\)+)415 706
y(68.)41 b(Nxe1)49 b(Qxe1+)415 756 y(69.)41 b(Kc2)70 b(Qf2+)415
805 y(70.)41 b(Kd3)65 b(Qf4)415 855 y(71.)41 b(Ke2)70 b(Qxf6)415
905 y(72.)41 b(gf)107 b(Kxf6)415 955 y(73.)41 b(Kf2)75 b(Kf5)415
1005 y(74.)41 b(Kf3)75 b(f6)415 1054 y(75.)41 b(Kg3)67 b(Ke4)415
1104 y(76.)41 b(Kf2)75 b(Kf4)415 1154 y(77.)41 b(Kg2)67 b(Ke3)415
1204 y(78.)41 b(Kg3)67 b(f5)415 1254 y(79.)41 b(Kg2)67 b(f4)415
1303 y(80.)41 b(Kf1)75 b(Kf3)415 1353 y(81.)41 b(Ke1)70 b(Kg2)415
1403 y(82.)41 b(Resigns)533 1453 y(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)946
2574 y(230)p eop
%%Page: 231 233
231 232 bop 262 307 a Fr(E.3)69 b(HIAR)n(CS)22 b(5.0)i(v)n(ersus)f(NOKNO)n(W)
262 442 y Fu(E.3.1)55 b(Game)17 b(1)321 604 y Fp(White)77 b(:)18
b Fl(NOKNO)o(W,)f(6)e(ply)321 654 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18 b
Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0,)i(3)e(ply)321 703 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36 b(:)18
b(Queens)d(Gam)o(bit)c(Declined)415 803 y(1.)62 b(d4)97 b(d5)547
b(31.)40 b(Qa7)68 b(Qxe5)415 853 y(2.)62 b(c4)102 b(e6)552
b(32.)40 b(Rb1)67 b(Qe4)415 903 y(3.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(Nf6)526
b(33.)40 b(a5)100 b(Rc2)415 952 y(4.)62 b(Bg5)70 b(Be7)523
b(34.)40 b(a6)100 b(ba)415 1002 y(5.)62 b(e3)102 b(o-o)535
b(35.)40 b(Qxa6)46 b(Kh7)415 1052 y(6.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(h6)547
b(36.)40 b(Qd6)66 b(Rc6)415 1102 y(7.)c(Bxf6)56 b(Bxf6)506
b(37.)40 b(Qd1)66 b(Rcc7)415 1152 y(8.)c(Qb3)j(c6)552 b(38.)40
b(Rb6)67 b(Rcd7)415 1201 y(9.)62 b(Rd1)k(Nd7)516 b(39.)40 b(Rd6)67
b(Qf5)415 1251 y(10.)41 b(Bd3)68 b(g6)549 b(40.)40 b(Rxd7)45
b(Rxd7)415 1301 y(11.)c(cd)100 b(ed)550 b(41.)40 b(Qe2)71 b(Qc5)415
1351 y(12.)41 b(e4)102 b(de)550 b(42.)40 b(Kg2)68 b(Qd5+)415
1401 y(13.)41 b(Nxe4)49 b(Nb6)516 b(43.)40 b(f3)108 b(Qd4)415
1451 y(14.)41 b(Nxf6)54 b(Qxf6)503 b(44.)40 b(f4)108 b(Qc3)415
1500 y(15.)41 b(Be4)73 b(Bf5)528 b(45.)40 b(Kh3)66 b(Qd2)415
1550 y(16.)41 b(Bxf5)56 b(Qxf5)503 b(46.)40 b(Qxd2)k(Rxd2)415
1600 y(17.)d(o-o)85 b(Rde8)498 b(47.)40 b(Rh1)67 b(Kg7)415
1650 y(18.)41 b(Ne5)71 b(Kg7)517 b(48.)40 b(Kg4)68 b(Kf6)415
1700 y(19.)41 b(Qa3)67 b(f6)557 b(49.)40 b(Kf3)76 b(Rc2)415
1749 y(20.)41 b(Qxa7)k(fe)560 b(50.)40 b(Ke4)71 b(Re2+)415
1799 y(21.)41 b(Qxb6)i(Rf7)526 b(51.)40 b(Kd3)66 b(Rb2)415
1849 y(22.)41 b(Qc5)70 b(Qf4)525 b(52.)40 b(Kc3)71 b(Rf2)415
1899 y(23.)41 b(a4)99 b(Ree7)503 b(53.)40 b(Kd4)66 b(Rd2+)415
1949 y(24.)41 b(b4)97 b(Ree8)503 b(54.)40 b(Kc4)71 b(Rc2+)415
1998 y(25.)41 b(b5)97 b(Rf6)526 b(55.)40 b(Kd5)66 b(Rd2+)415
2048 y(26.)41 b(Qa7)67 b(Re7)521 b(56.)40 b(Kc6)71 b(g5)415
2098 y(27.)41 b(b)q(c)99 b(Rxc6)499 b(57.)40 b(fg+)76 b(Kxg5)415
2148 y(28.)41 b(Qb8)65 b(Rc4)521 b(58.)40 b(h3)98 b(Rc2+)415
2198 y(29.)41 b(g3)99 b(Qf5)525 b(59.)40 b(Kd5)66 b(Rg2)415
2248 y(30.)41 b(de)100 b(Rc8)521 b(60.)40 b(g4)100 b(Kh4)946
2574 y(231)p eop
%%Page: 232 234
232 233 bop 415 357 a Fp(61.)41 b(Ke4)70 b(Rg3)415 407 y(62.)41
b(Kf4)75 b(Rxh3)415 457 y(63.)41 b(Rg1)68 b(Rd3)415 506 y(64.)41
b(Kf5)75 b(Rd5+)415 556 y(65.)41 b(Kf6)75 b(Rd2)415 606 y(66.)41
b(Ke5)70 b(Kg5)415 656 y(67.)41 b(Rh1)66 b(Re2+)415 706 y(68.)41
b(Kd5)65 b(Re3)415 756 y(69.)41 b(Rh5+)34 b(Kxg4)415 805 y(70.)41
b(Rxh6)510 855 y(Dra)o(wn)538 889 y Fk(1)p 538 896 17 2 v 538
919 a(2)595 905 y Ff(\000)680 889 y Fk(1)p 680 896 V 680 919
a(2)946 2574 y Fp(232)p eop
%%Page: 233 235
233 234 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.3.2)55 b(Game)17 b(2)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0,)i(3)e(ply)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88
b(:)18 b Fl(NOKNO)o(W,)f(6)e(ply)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Ruy)13 b(Lop)q(ez)415 668 y(1.)62 b(e4)102 b(e5)415
718 y(2.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(Nc6)415 768 y(3.)62 b(Bb5)68 b(a6)415
818 y(4.)62 b(Ba4)70 b(Nf6)415 868 y(5.)62 b(o-o)85 b(Be7)415
917 y(6.)62 b(Re1)71 b(b5)415 967 y(7.)62 b(Bb3)68 b(d6)415
1017 y(8.)62 b(c3)102 b(o-o)415 1067 y(9.)62 b(h3)97 b(Bb7)415
1117 y(10.)41 b(d4)97 b(Re8)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(Ng5)68 b(Rf8)415
1216 y(12.)41 b(f4)107 b(ed)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(cd)100 b(h6)415
1316 y(14.)41 b(Nf3)76 b(d5)415 1366 y(15.)41 b(ed)100 b(Na5)415
1416 y(16.)41 b(Bc2)73 b(Bxd5)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Nc3)71 b(Bxf3)415
1515 y(18.)41 b(gf)107 b(c5)415 1565 y(19.)41 b(Be3)73 b(Nc4)415
1615 y(20.)41 b(dc)100 b(Nxe3)415 1665 y(21.)41 b(Rxe3)49 b(Bxc5)415
1714 y(22.)41 b(Qe1)70 b(Qd4)415 1764 y(23.)41 b(Nd1)66 b(Nd5)415
1814 y(24.)41 b(Resigns)533 1864 y(0)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(1)946
2574 y(233)p eop
%%Page: 234 236
234 235 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.3.3)55 b(Game)17 b(3)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(NOKNO)o(W,)f(6)e(ply)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88 b(:)18
b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0,)i(3)e(ply)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Reti)13 b(\(irregular\))415 668 y(1.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(d5)547
b(31.)40 b(Ra1)69 b(Nb4)415 718 y(2.)62 b(Na3)68 b(Nc6)521
b(32.)40 b(Rxa7)47 b(b6)415 768 y(3.)62 b(c4)102 b(e5)552 b(33.)40
b(Rc7)72 b(c5+)415 818 y(4.)62 b(cd)100 b(Qxd5)493 b(34.)40
b(Kc4)71 b(Nc2)415 868 y(5.)62 b(d3)97 b(Bb4+)486 b(35.)40
b(Rb7)67 b(Nd4)415 917 y(6.)62 b(Bd2)68 b(Bg4)520 b(36.)40
b(f4)108 b(Ne6)415 967 y(7.)62 b(Bxb4)46 b(Bxf3)506 b(37.)40
b(Rxb6)45 b(g6)415 1017 y(8.)62 b(ef)110 b(Nxb4)494 b(38.)40
b(f3)108 b(Ke7)415 1067 y(9.)62 b(Nc4)71 b(Nf6)526 b(39.)40
b(Kd5)66 b(h5)415 1117 y(10.)41 b(Qe2)70 b(o-o)535 b(40.)40
b(Ke4)71 b(Ng7)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(Nxe5)49 b(Nxd3+)462 b(41.)40
b(Ke5)71 b(Nf5)415 1216 y(12.)41 b(Qxd3)i(Qxe5+)466 b(42.)40
b(Rb7)67 b(Ke8)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(Qe2)70 b(Qc5)520 b(43.)40
b(Kf6)76 b(Nxh4)415 1316 y(14.)41 b(Qd2)65 b(Rfe8+)476 b(44.)40
b(Re7+)g(Kd8)415 1366 y(15.)h(Be2)73 b(Rad8)495 b(45.)40 b(Rxf7)55
b(Nxf3)415 1416 y(16.)41 b(Qc1)70 b(Qb5)515 b(46.)40 b(Kxg6)46
b(Nd4)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Qc2)70 b(Rxe2+)467 b(47.)40 b(Rb7)67
b(h4)415 1515 y(18.)41 b(Qxe2)48 b(Re8)521 b(48.)40 b(Kg5)68
b(Kc8)415 1565 y(19.)41 b(Qxe8+)16 b(Qxe8+)466 b(49.)40 b(Rh7)67
b(Nxb3)415 1615 y(20.)41 b(Kd2)65 b(Qe5)520 b(50.)40 b(Kxh4)k(c4)415
1665 y(21.)d(b3)97 b(Qg5+)485 b(51.)40 b(Kg5)68 b(Nd4)415 1714
y(22.)41 b(Ke2)70 b(Qxg2)495 b(52.)40 b(Kf6)76 b(c3)415 1764
y(23.)41 b(h4)97 b(Nd5)516 b(53.)40 b(Rh5)67 b(Kb7)415 1814
y(24.)41 b(Rag1)47 b(Nc3+)489 b(54.)40 b(Rc5)72 b(c2)415 1864
y(25.)41 b(Ke3)70 b(Qxh1)493 b(55.)40 b(Ke5)71 b(Nc6+)415 1914
y(26.)41 b(Rxh1)j(c6)552 b(56.)40 b(Kd6)66 b(Nb4)415 1963 y(27.)41
b(Kd4)65 b(Nb5+)484 b(57.)40 b(f5)108 b(c1\(Q\))415 2013 y(28.)41
b(Kc5)70 b(Nc3)521 b(58.)40 b(Rxc1)50 b(Resigns)415 2063 y(29.)41
b(Re1)71 b(Kf8)643 b(1)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(0)415 2113 y(30.)41
b(Kd4)65 b(Nxa2)946 2574 y(234)p eop
%%Page: 235 237
235 236 bop 262 307 a Fu(E.3.4)55 b(Game)17 b(4)321 469 y Fp(White)77
b(:)18 b Fl(HIAR)o(CS)d(5.0,)i(3)e(ply)321 519 y Fp(Blac)o(k)88
b(:)18 b Fl(NOKNO)o(W,)f(6)e(ply)321 569 y Fp(Op)q(ening)36
b(:)18 b(Alekhines)c(Defence)415 668 y(1.)62 b(e4)102 b(Nf6)526
b(31.)40 b(Rb6)67 b(Rac8)415 718 y(2.)62 b(e5)102 b(Nd5)516
b(32.)40 b(Rd4)67 b(Bc6)415 768 y(3.)62 b(d4)97 b(e6)552 b(33.)40
b(Ra6)69 b(a4)415 818 y(4.)62 b(c4)102 b(Bb4+)486 b(34.)40
b(Ra5)69 b(g6)415 868 y(5.)62 b(Bd2)68 b(Bxd2+)464 b(35.)40
b(h5)98 b(Ke6)415 917 y(6.)62 b(Qxd2)43 b(Ne7)521 b(36.)40
b(hg)98 b(hg)415 967 y(7.)62 b(Nc3)71 b(Nb)q(c6)497 b(37.)40
b(Nh4)67 b(Rg7)415 1017 y(8.)62 b(Nf3)76 b(d6)547 b(38.)40
b(f4)108 b(Ra8)415 1067 y(9.)62 b(o-o-o)50 b(o-o)535 b(39.)40
b(Rc5)72 b(Ra6)415 1117 y(10.)41 b(Bd3)68 b(Nf5)526 b(40.)40
b(Rd2)67 b(Be4)415 1166 y(11.)41 b(Bxf5)56 b(ef)560 b(41.)40
b(Nf3)77 b(Rg8)415 1216 y(12.)41 b(ed)100 b(cd)550 b(42.)40
b(Nd4+)35 b(Ke7)415 1266 y(13.)41 b(Rde1)48 b(b6)547 b(43.)40
b(Rc7+)g(Ke8)415 1316 y(14.)h(Nd5)66 b(Be6)523 b(44.)40 b(Nb5)67
b(Ra8)415 1366 y(15.)41 b(Ne3)71 b(Bd7)518 b(45.)40 b(Nd6+)35
b(Kd8)415 1416 y(16.)41 b(h4)97 b(a5)549 b(46.)40 b(Rf7)77
b(Bc6)415 1465 y(17.)41 b(Nd5)66 b(Be6)523 b(47.)40 b(Nxf5+)23
b(Ke8)415 1515 y(18.)41 b(Nxb6)j(Qxb6)493 b(48.)40 b(Nd6+)35
b(Kd8)415 1565 y(19.)41 b(d5)97 b(Qc5)520 b(49.)40 b(Nb5+)35
b(Ke8)415 1615 y(20.)41 b(b3)97 b(Bd7)518 b(50.)40 b(Rxf6)55
b(Bxb5)415 1665 y(21.)41 b(dc)100 b(Bxc6)501 b(51.)40 b(cb)101
b(Ke7)415 1714 y(22.)41 b(Re7)71 b(d5)547 b(52.)40 b(Rfd6)54
b(Rgf8)415 1764 y(23.)41 b(Re5)71 b(Qa3+)485 b(53.)40 b(g3)100
b(Rf6)415 1814 y(24.)41 b(Qb2)65 b(Qxb2+)461 b(54.)40 b(Rd7+)35
b(Ke8)415 1864 y(25.)41 b(Kxb2)i(dc)550 b(55.)40 b(Kb4)66 b(Re6)415
1914 y(26.)41 b(b)q(c)99 b(Be4)523 b(56.)40 b(R7d6)46 b(Ke7)415
1963 y(27.)41 b(Rd1)66 b(f6)557 b(57.)40 b(Rxe6+)18 b(Kxe6)415
2013 y(28.)41 b(Re7)71 b(Rf7)526 b(58.)40 b(b6)98 b(Rb8)415
2063 y(29.)41 b(Re6)71 b(Rc7)521 b(59.)40 b(Kc5)71 b(Rc8+)415
2113 y(30.)41 b(Kc3)70 b(Kf7)525 b(60.)40 b(Kb5)66 b(a3)946
2574 y(235)p eop
%%Page: 236 238
236 237 bop 415 357 a Fp(61.)41 b(Rd3)66 b(Ra8)415 407 y(62.)41
b(b7)97 b(Rb8)415 457 y(63.)41 b(Kb6)65 b(Rg8)415 506 y(64.)41
b(Rxa3)46 b(Rd8)415 556 y(65.)41 b(Re3+)e(Kf6)415 606 y(66.)i(Kc7)70
b(Rf8)415 656 y(67.)41 b(b8\(Q\))33 b(Rxb8)415 706 y(68.)41
b(Kxb8)i(g5)415 756 y(69.)e(fg+)75 b(Kxg5)415 805 y(70.)41
b(a4)99 b(Resigns)533 855 y(1)35 b Ff(\000)54 b Fp(0)946 2574
y(236)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF
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