path: root/kernel/hal/intsupport.asm

[BITS 32]

FIRST_EXTERNAL_INT equ 0x30
LAST_EXTERNAL_INT equ 0x30+15
        
GLOBAL HalInterruptLoadIDTR
GLOBAL HalInterruptGenericHandler
GLOBAL HalInterruptHandlerPreamble
GLOBAL HalInterruptHandlerPreambleBefore
GLOBAL HalInterruptHandlerPreambleAfter
GLOBAL HalInterruptInitializePICs
GLOBAL HalIoDelay
        
EXTERN g_InterruptHandlerTable
EXTERN HalVideoPrint
EXTERN HalInterruptSendIrqEoi
                
;;  Save registers prior to calling a handler function.
;;  This must be kept up to date with:
;;    - Interrupt_State struct in int.h
;;    - Setup_Initial_Thread_Context() in kthread.c
%macro SAVE_REGISTERS 0
        push eax
        push ebx
        push ecx
        push edx
        push esi
        push edi
        push ebp
        push ds
        push es
        push fs
        push gs
%endmacro

;;  Restore registers and clean up the stack after calling a handler function
;;  (i.e., just before we return from the interrupt via an iret instruction).
%macro RESTORE_REGISTERS 0
        pop gs
        pop fs
        pop es
        pop ds
        pop ebp
        pop edi
        pop esi
        pop edx
        pop ecx
        pop ebx
        pop eax
        add esp, 8
%endmacro

%macro INT_NO_ERROR 1
align 8
        push 0xffffffff         ; fake the error code
        push %1                 ; push the int number
        jmp HalInterruptGenericHandler; 
%endmacro

%macro INT_WITH_ERROR 1
align 8
        push %1                 ; error code already pushed, just push int num
        jmp HalInterruptGenericHandler
%endmacro
        
[SECTION .text]
;;;
;;; void
;;; InterruptLoadIDTR(IDT *p)
;;; 
;;; Function to load the interrupt descriptor table register (IDTR)
;;; callable from C.
;;; 
HalInterruptLoadIDTR:
        mov eax, [esp+4]        ; p
        lidt [eax]
        ret

;;;
;;; The following is code to initialize the master and slave 8259 
;;; programmable interrupt controllers (PICs).
;;;
;;; For ISA machines there are two 8259's, a master and a slave.  Each has
;;; eight interrupt request (IR) pins and one interrupt (INT) pin.  The
;;; master's INT pin is tied to the INT line of the microprocessor.  The
;;; slave's INT pin is tied to the master's IR2 line.  Thus the master's
;;; IR0, IR1, and IR3..7 are real devices.  But the master's IR2 means
;;; that some IR pin on the slave is asserted.  So the system IRQs are: 
;;;
;;;    (highest default priority)
;;;    IRQ0 = master IR0 [IRQ0 = system timer]
;;;    IRQ1 = master IR1 [IRQ1 = keyboard]
;;;    IRQ2 = master IR2 --> IRQ8..IRQ15 = slave IR0..7
;;;                          [IRQ8 = rt. timer][IRQ13 = coproc.]
;;;    IRQ3 = master IR3
;;;    IRQ4 = master IR4
;;;    IRQ5 = master IR5
;;;    IRQ6 = master IR6
;;;    IRQ7 = master IR7
;;;    (lowest default priority)
;;;
;;; By default these IRQs raise the following interrupt numbers:
;;;
;;;    IRQ0   = int 0x8     [collides with double exception]
;;;    IRQ1   = int 0x9     [collides with coprocessor exception]
;;;    IRQ2/9 = int 0x71
;;;    IRQ3   = int 0xb     [collides with segment not present exception]
;;;    IRQ4   = int 0xc     [collides with stack fault exception]
;;;    IRQ5   = int 0xd     [collides with general protection exception]
;;;    IRQ6   = int 0xe     [collides with page fault]
;;;    IRQ7   = int 0xf
;;;    IRQ8   = int 0x70
;;;    IRQ10  = int 0x72
;;;    IRQ11  = int 0x73
;;;    IRQ12  = int 0x74
;;;    IRQ13  = int 0x75
;;;    IRQ14  = int 0x76
;;;    IRQ15  = int 0x77
;;; 
;;; So the problem is that IRQ0, IRQ1, IRQ3..6 all, by default, map to
;;; interrupt numbers that collide with interrupts raised by the cpu
;;; as a result of a software exception.  The solution to this problem 
;;; is to remap what interrupts are raised by these IRQs by reprogramming
;;; the 8259 PICs to raise new interrupt numbers.
;;;
;;; This is accomplished by sending initialization command words (ICWs)
;;; to I/O ports 0x20-0x21 (master PIC) and 0xA0-0xA1 (slave PIC).  By doing
;;; so we can remap the interrupt numbers raised by IRQs so that:
;;;
;;;    IRQ0   = 0x30       IRQ8  = 0x38
;;;    IRQ1   = 0x31       IRQ10 = 0x3A
;;;    IRQ2/9 = 0x39       IRQ11 = 0x3B
;;;    IRQ3   = 0x33       IRQ12 = 0x3C
;;;    IRQ4   = 0x34       IRQ13 = 0x3D
;;;    IRQ5   = 0x35       IRQ14 = 0x3E
;;;    IRQ6   = 0x36       IRQ15 = 0x3F
;;;    IRQ7   = 0x37
;;;
;;; ICW1 is the same for both the master and slave PIC.  Here's the meaning
;;; of the individual bits in the word:
;;; 
;;;   F  E  D  C  B  A  9  8  |  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
;;;              (not used)               |  |  |  |  |__ 1=expect ICW4
;;;                                       |  |  |  |_____ 0=cascade 1=single
;;;                                       |  |  |________ 0=interval-4, 1=8
;;;                                       |  |___________ 0=edge triggered
;;;                                       |               1=level triggered
;;;                                       |______________ must be 1
;;; 
;;;
BOTH_ICW1 equ 0x11              ; expect ICW4, cascade mode, call address
                                ; interval=8, edge triggered mode

;;;
;;; ICW2 tells the PICs their base interrupt number.  For example, the
;;; default base interrupt for the master PIC is 0x8.  Thus IRQ0=0x8,
;;; IRQ1=0x9 ... IRQ7=0xF.  As stated, we want to relocate these.
;;;
MASTER_ICW2 equ 0x30            ; use ints 0x30..0x37
SLAVE_ICW2 equ 0x38             ; use ints 0x38..0x3F

;;;
;;; ICW3 to the master tells it which of its IR pins is connected to the
;;; slave PIC.  ICW3 to the slave tells its id number.
;;;
MASTER_ICW3 equ 0x04            ; slave on IR pin 2
SLAVE_ICW3 equ 0x02             ; slave id=2

;;;
;;; ICW4 to both PICs is another bitvector to set some features:
;;;
;;; 
;;;   F  E  D  C  B  A  9  8  |  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
;;;              (not used)               |  ----  |  |__ 0=MCS80/85 1=8086/88 
;;;                                       |    |   |_____ 0=normal 1=auto EOI
;;;                                       |    |_________ 00=non-buf mode
;;;                                       |               10=buf mode, slave
;;;                                       |               11=buf mode, master
;;;                                       |______________ 0=!nested 1=nested
;;; 
BOTH_ICW4 equ 0x01

HalInterruptInitializePICs:
        mov	al, BOTH_ICW1
        out	0x20, al            ; ICW1 to master PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        out	0xA0, al            ; ICW1 to slave PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        
        mov	al, MASTER_ICW2
        out	0x21, al            ; ICW2 to master PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        mov	al, SLAVE_ICW2      
        out	0xA1, al            ; ICW2 to slave PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        
        mov	al, MASTER_ICW3
        out	0x21, al            ; ICW3 to master PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        mov	al, SLAVE_ICW3
        out	0xA1, al            ; ICW3 to slave PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        
        mov	al, BOTH_ICW4
        out	0x21, al            ; ICW4 to master PIC
        call HalIoDelay
        out	0xA1, al            ; ICW4 to slave PIC
        call HalIoDelay

;;;
;;; After the four ICW sequence has been completed any subsequent writes
;;; to port 0x21 or 0xA1 set the IRQ mask for the master/slave PIC.  If
;;; this mask is 0xFF all IRQs are disabled.  If this mask is 0x00
;;; all IRQs are enabled.
;;; 
        mov	al, 0xff            ; slave PIC cannot interrupt
        out	0xA1, al
        call HalIoDelay
        mov	al, 0xfb            ; mask all IRQs but 2 (the slave PIC) in master
        out	0x21, al
        call HalIoDelay
        ret

;;;
;;; When doing I/O operations this routine can be used to "delay" long
;;; enough to let the external controller keep up with the cpu.
;;;
HalIoDelay:
        jmp	.done
.done:	ret

;;;
;;; This is the start of the main interrupt handler code.  The first section
;;; of this code is called the InterruptHandlerPreamble.  It consists of
;;; 256 entry points in a table (one per possible interrupt number).  These
;;; preamble entry points push the interrupt number and (when needed for
;;; interrupt numbers that the processor doesn't automatically push an error
;;; code for) a fake error code.  Then they jump to the main generic interrupt
;;; handling routing: InterruptGenericHandler.  Thus the stack is always layed
;;; out in the same way when control passes to the generic handler:
;;;
;;;          saved ss             (pushed by cpu for system calls)
;;;          saved esp            (pushed by cpu for system calls)
;;;          ------------
;;;          saved eflags         (pushed by cpu)
;;;          saved CS             (pushed by cpu)
;;;          saved IP             (pushed by cpu)
;;;          error code           (pushed by preamble or cpu)
;;;          interrupt number     (pushed by preamble)
;;; esp -->  return address       (pushed by jmp InteruptGenericHandler)
;;;
;;; The first thing InterruptGenericHandler does is push the rest of the
;;; registers onto the stack.
;;; 
align 8
HalInterruptHandlerPreamble:
HalInterruptHandlerPreambleBefore: 
        INT_NO_ERROR    0
        align 8
HalInterruptHandlerPreambleAfter:  
        INT_NO_ERROR    1
        INT_NO_ERROR    2
        INT_NO_ERROR    3
        INT_NO_ERROR    4
        INT_NO_ERROR    5
        INT_NO_ERROR    6
        INT_NO_ERROR    7
        INT_WITH_ERROR  8
        INT_NO_ERROR    9
        INT_WITH_ERROR  10
        INT_WITH_ERROR  11
        INT_WITH_ERROR  12
        INT_WITH_ERROR  13
        INT_WITH_ERROR  14
        INT_NO_ERROR    15
        INT_NO_ERROR    16
        INT_WITH_ERROR  17

;;;
;;; The rest of the interrupt numbers are INT_NO_ERRORs.  Use nasm's
;;; %rep command to do them all at once.
;;; 
%assign intNum 18
%rep (256 - 18)
        INT_NO_ERROR    intNum
%assign intNum intNum + 1
%endrep
    
;;;
;;; This is the generic interrupt handler which is called by the preambles
;;; above.  It's job is to save the registers on the stack and then transfer
;;; control to a specific per-interrupt handler.  It finds the address of
;;; the per-interrupt handler to call by indexing into g_InterruptHandlerTable
;;; 
align 8
HalInterruptGenericHandler:
        SAVE_REGISTERS

        ;; Ensure that we're using the kernel data segment
        mov ax, (2<<3)
        mov ds, ax
        mov es, ax
        mov fs, ax
        mov gs, ax

        ;; Get interrupt number the preamble pushed for us
        mov esi, [esp+44]

        ;; Get the address of the handler function from the
        ;; table of handler functions.
        mov eax, g_InterruptHandlerTable
        mov ebx, [eax+esi*4]

        ;; Call the handler.  The argument passed is a pointer to
        ;; INTERRUPT_STATE.  Interrupts are enabled at this point
        ;; so if the handler is non-reentrant it must disable them.
        push esp
        call ebx
        add esp, 4

        push esp
        call HalInterruptSendIrqEoi
        add esp, 4

        RESTORE_REGISTERS
        iret